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­Tougher international restrictions on importing pandas to zoos in the United States are not to blame for the recent shortage of pandas on display in U.S. zoos. In fact, the real reason fewer zoos today have fewer pandas on display than 10 years ago is that the reproduction rates of pandas have decreased by 40% and the cost of upkeep of pandas has increased by 30% over the same time period.

Which of the following statements, if true, would most effectively strengthen the conclusion presented above?

A) Over the past 10 years, no pandas have been imported to the United States.

B) Since there are fewer pandas in the world today than 10 years ago, zookeepers have found it difficult to secure pandas for their zoos, especially since the cost to secure and support the panda is twice that of any other animal.

C) The recent drought in China and southeastern Asia has severely decreased the bamboo shoots available for pandas to eat throughout the world.

D) A recent study has concluded that the animal people look forward to seeing the most at zoos is the koala bear.

E) An increase in the number of zoos throughout the United States has increased the demand for pandas by medium-sized and small zoos.




­
­

Official Explanation



The wording "most effectively strengthen" identifies this is as a Strengthen question.

For some reason, there are fewer pandas in zoos than there were 10 years ago, according to the stimulus. The author concludes this occurred not because of international restriction on panda imports but because reproduction rates of pandas have decreased and the cost of caring for pandas has increased.

The author assumes that there are no other factors beyond birth rates and cost that might prevent pandas from being kept in zoos in the United States. Look for a choice that supports this assumption about birth rates, costs, or both.

(B) strengthens the author's argument by supporting the belief that reproduction rates and costs are influencing the choices of zookeepers not to bring pandas into their zoos.

(A) confirms that zoos are not bringing in more pandas but fails to address why, which is the primary focus of the author's argument. If the reason is due to international restrictions, the author's argument is shot down.

(C) fails to support the author's claim. While the drought in China might be why there are fewer pandas overall, it fails to explain why there are fewer pandas in American zoos.

(D) is irrelevant because it addresses a different animal.

(E) presents a scenario in which pandas have increased in demand but fails to support the author's claim as to why fewer pandas are available for all zoos, not just medium-sized and small zoos.­
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