If an artist receives a public subsidy to support work on a specific project - e.g., making a film - and if this project then proves successful enough to allow the artist to repay the subsidy, is the artist then morally obliged to do so? The answer is clearly yes, since the money returned to the agency distributing the subsidies will be welcome as a source of support for other artists deserving of public subsidies.
The passage tries to establish an artist's obligation by arguing thatThis question is a Method of Reasoning question, and the correct answer will correctly describe how the passage proceeds to argue its point.
To find the correct answer, we can compare each choice with what the passage does and look for failure points.
(A) this person has benefited from other people's acting in just this way in the pastThe passage does not say or imply anything about "people's acting in just this way in the past." Rather, it talks about how the money returned "will be welcome as a source of support for other artists" in the future.
Eliminate.
(B) acting this way would allow others to obtain a benefit such as the one that this artist has obtained in the pastThis choice accurately describes how the argument works.
After all, the evidence used to support the conclusion is that "others artists," i.e., "others," would get "support," i.e., "a benefit," like the support the artist who originally got the subsidy got.
Keep.
(C) this person had in fact, at an earlier time, made a tacit promise to act this wayThe passage does not say or imply anything about a promise made by an artist.
Eliminate.
(D) not acting this way would be a small benefit to the person in the short term but a substantial detriment to the person in the long runThe passage says nothing about a "detriment" to an artist. It supports its conclusion only with information on how the artist's returing the money would benefit other artists.
Eliminate.
(E) this person, by acting this way, would provide general benefits with a value exceeding the cost to the person of acting this wayThis choice is tempting both because it makes sense and because the passage does support its conclusion with facts about how returning the money would benefit other artists.
However, this choice has a failure point in that the passage says nothing about "value exceeding the cost to the person acting this way." The passage makes no such comparison.
Eliminate.
Correct answer: B