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12 Mar 2024, 16:55
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Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
79% (01:47) correct
21%
(01:37)
wrong
based on 123
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Treating meat with irradiation kills many bacteria that can cause illness but it also triggers chemical decompositions. These decompositions produce substances that can cause cancer. Thorough cooking kills the same bacteria in meat as does irradiation treatment. Therefore, to minimize health risks, meat should be cooked thoroughly rather than treated with irradiation.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Neither thorough cooking nor irradiation treatment can kill all of the bacteria present in some meats.
(B) Since radiation was first used to treat meat, the amount of irradiation required for the process has been greatly reduced.
(C) Not all of the substances produced by the chemical decompositions triggered by irradiation are potentially carcinogenic.
(D) Some of the bacteria that are found in cooked meat are beneficial to digestive processes in humans.
(E) Thoroughly cooked, unirradiated meat contains potentially carcinogenic substances identical to those found in meat treated with radiation.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Neither thorough cooking nor irradiation treatment can kill all of the bacteria present in some meats.
(B) Since radiation was first used to treat meat, the amount of irradiation required for the process has been greatly reduced.
(C) Not all of the substances produced by the chemical decompositions triggered by irradiation are potentially carcinogenic.
(D) Some of the bacteria that are found in cooked meat are beneficial to digestive processes in humans.
(E) Thoroughly cooked, unirradiated meat contains potentially carcinogenic substances identical to those found in meat treated with radiation.
15 Sep 2024, 05:43
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Argument states that:
Conclusion: To minimize health risks, meat should be cooked thoroughly rather than treated with irradiation.
To weaken the argument, we need to find an option that undermines the conclusion that thorough cooking is safer than irradiation.
(A) Neither thorough cooking nor irradiation treatment can kill all of the bacteria present in some meats.
This choice states that both methods are not perfect in killing all bacteria. However, it does not address the relative safety of the substances produced by cooking versus irradiation. It doesn't weaken the argument because it doesn't contradict the claim that cooking is safer.
(B) Since radiation was first used to treat meat, the amount of irradiation required for the process has been greatly reduced.
This indicates a possible improvement in the irradiation process, but it doesn't directly address the main concern in the argument—the production of potentially carcinogenic substances. It doesn't weaken the claim that thorough cooking is safer.
(C) Not all of the substances produced by the chemical decompositions triggered by irradiation are potentially carcinogenic.
This states that not every substance produced by irradiation is carcinogenic, but it acknowledges that some may be. This does not undermine the argument's assertion that irradiation produces cancer-causing substances, so it does not weaken the argument effectively.
(D) Some of the bacteria that are found in cooked meat are beneficial to digestive processes in humans.
This option suggests a benefit to cooking but does not address the risk of cancer-causing substances. The argument is about minimizing health risks, particularly cancer, so this choice is irrelevant to the central concern.
(E) Thoroughly cooked, unirradiated meat contains potentially carcinogenic substances identical to those found in meat treated with radiation.
This directly weakens the argument. If thoroughly cooked meat contains the same potentially carcinogenic substances as irradiated meat, the claim that thorough cooking is safer becomes invalid. It implies that thorough cooking is not necessarily a safer option since both methods result in the presence of potentially cancer-causing substances.
Correct Answer: (E)
- Irradiation kills bacteria in meat but causes chemical decompositions.
- These decompositions produce substances that can cause cancer.
- Thorough cooking kills the same bacteria without causing these decompositions.
Conclusion: To minimize health risks, meat should be cooked thoroughly rather than treated with irradiation.
To weaken the argument, we need to find an option that undermines the conclusion that thorough cooking is safer than irradiation.
(A) Neither thorough cooking nor irradiation treatment can kill all of the bacteria present in some meats.
This choice states that both methods are not perfect in killing all bacteria. However, it does not address the relative safety of the substances produced by cooking versus irradiation. It doesn't weaken the argument because it doesn't contradict the claim that cooking is safer.
(B) Since radiation was first used to treat meat, the amount of irradiation required for the process has been greatly reduced.
This indicates a possible improvement in the irradiation process, but it doesn't directly address the main concern in the argument—the production of potentially carcinogenic substances. It doesn't weaken the claim that thorough cooking is safer.
(C) Not all of the substances produced by the chemical decompositions triggered by irradiation are potentially carcinogenic.
This states that not every substance produced by irradiation is carcinogenic, but it acknowledges that some may be. This does not undermine the argument's assertion that irradiation produces cancer-causing substances, so it does not weaken the argument effectively.
(D) Some of the bacteria that are found in cooked meat are beneficial to digestive processes in humans.
This option suggests a benefit to cooking but does not address the risk of cancer-causing substances. The argument is about minimizing health risks, particularly cancer, so this choice is irrelevant to the central concern.
(E) Thoroughly cooked, unirradiated meat contains potentially carcinogenic substances identical to those found in meat treated with radiation.
This directly weakens the argument. If thoroughly cooked meat contains the same potentially carcinogenic substances as irradiated meat, the claim that thorough cooking is safer becomes invalid. It implies that thorough cooking is not necessarily a safer option since both methods result in the presence of potentially cancer-causing substances.
Correct Answer: (E)
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