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27 Mar 2024, 01:30
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D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
80% (01:57) correct
20%
(02:13)
wrong
based on 165
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Heavy consumption of alcohol causes impaired judgment, a loss of fine motor skills, slower reaction times, a decrease in visual acuity, and other short-term symptoms. Since alcohol can be metabolized in the average person’s body at a rate of 0.015 BAC (or “blood alcohol content”) per hour, a severely intoxicated individual with a BAC of 0.15 should be symptom-free after 10 hours. After this time, if the individual exhibits similar symptoms, such symptoms cannot be caused by alcohol.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A) Some symptoms normally associated with alcohol consumption may resemble symptoms caused by prescription drugs or even drowsiness.
(B) Increases in BAC are based on the amount of alcohol consumed rather than the number of drinks (some drinks contain more alcohol than others).
(C) Heavy alcohol consumption has numerous long term effects such as cirrhosis of the liver, stomach ulcers, and birth defects.
(D) The metabolic rate of alcohol varies according to a person’s health, weight, diet, and genetic predispositions.
(E) Some people, due to an acute sensitivity to alcohol, cannot even reach a BAC of 0.15 before becoming violently ill.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A) Some symptoms normally associated with alcohol consumption may resemble symptoms caused by prescription drugs or even drowsiness.
(B) Increases in BAC are based on the amount of alcohol consumed rather than the number of drinks (some drinks contain more alcohol than others).
(C) Heavy alcohol consumption has numerous long term effects such as cirrhosis of the liver, stomach ulcers, and birth defects.
(D) The metabolic rate of alcohol varies according to a person’s health, weight, diet, and genetic predispositions.
(E) Some people, due to an acute sensitivity to alcohol, cannot even reach a BAC of 0.15 before becoming violently ill.
27 Mar 2024, 19:14
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I think D is the right option as the conclusion has been driven on the basis of metabolism rate and that can be vary from person to person.
07 Apr 2024, 05:45
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Bunuel
VERITAS PREP OFFICIAL SOLUTION:
Solution: D
This problem is a traditional Weaken question, as evidenced by the phrase, “which of the following… most seriously weakens.” Our first item of business is therefore to identify the conclusion of the argument and then look for gaps between the conclusion and the premises. In the middle of the argument we see the word, “since.” “Since” is a type of conclusion tag, but it attaches itself to a premise immediately next to the conclusion. Order is crucial. Thus, if we see the phrase “Since A, then B”, A is a premise supporting the conclusion, B. If we see the phrase “A, since B”, A is now the conclusion, and B is a premise undergirding that conclusion. In this particular problem, the phrase, “Since alcohol can be metabolized in the average person’s body at a rate of 0.015 BAC (or ‘blood alcohol content’) per hour” is a conclusion supporting the conclusion, “a severely intoxicated individual with a BAC of 0.15 should be symptom-free after 10 hours.” The gap between the premise and the conclusion is glaring. Notice that the premise talks about an “average person’s body”, and then the conclusion focusing on a specific, if unnamed, individual. Naturally, a specific individual is not necessarily “average.” The Testmaker is hoping that we miss this disconnect.
Answer choice “A” reinforces the last sentence in the body of the question, by stating that alcohol-like symptoms can be caused by other things, such as prescription drugs or drowsiness. In a small way, answer choice “A” actually strengthens the argument. Don’t be confused by Strengthen answers when dealing with Weaken questions.
Answer choice “B” is completely irrelevant. The question deals with the effects of certain levels of blood alcohol content, not with how those levels were reached. How many drinks a certain person consumed to reach a given level is not pertinent to the problem. Answer choice “B” attempts to hijack the question.
Answer choice “C” is equally irrelevant. The question focuses on the short-term effects of alcohol, not on long-term medical issues. (Notice the problem asserts that a severely intoxicated individual would not have symptoms “similar” to the ones mentioned in the opening sentence of the question. All of these symptoms are short-term. Other symptoms – while potentially egregious – are irrelevant to the question.) “C” fails to focus on the logical gap between an “average” individual and a specific individual.
Answer choice “D” tells us that the metabolization rate of alcohol varies from person to person, highlighting the gap between an “average” person and a specific individual. It indicates that there are factors which could allow alcohol to remain in the bloodstream for longer than “average.” Answer choice “D” weakens the conclusion and is correct.
Answer choice “E” is also irrelevant and outside the scope of the question. The problem focuses on whether a “severely intoxicated individual with a BAC of 0.15” could experience alcohol-caused symptoms after ten hours. The potential existence of individuals incapable of reaching this limit is outside the scope of the problem.
