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09 Apr 2024, 20:33
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D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
49% (01:59) correct
51%
(02:09)
wrong
based on 332
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Physician: Heart disease generally affects men at an earlier age than it does women, who tend to experience heart disease after menopause. Both sexes have the hormones estrogen and testosterone, but when they are relatively young, men have ten times as much testosterone as women, and women abruptly lose estrogen after menopause. We can conclude, then, that testosterone tends to promote, and estrogen tends to inhibit, heart disease.
The physician's argument is questionable because it presumes which one of the following without providing sufficient justification?
A. Hormones are the primary factors that account for the differences in age-related heart disease risks between women and men.
B. Estrogen and testosterone are the only hormones that promote or inhibit heart disease.
C. Men with high testosterone levels have a greater risk for heart disease than do postmenopausal women.
D. Because hormone levels are correlated with heart disease they influence heart disease.
E. Hormone levels do not vary from person to person, especially among those of the same age and gender.
The physician's argument is questionable because it presumes which one of the following without providing sufficient justification?
A. Hormones are the primary factors that account for the differences in age-related heart disease risks between women and men.
B. Estrogen and testosterone are the only hormones that promote or inhibit heart disease.
C. Men with high testosterone levels have a greater risk for heart disease than do postmenopausal women.
D. Because hormone levels are correlated with heart disease they influence heart disease.
E. Hormone levels do not vary from person to person, especially among those of the same age and gender.
10 Apr 2024, 00:19
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MT1302
Conclusion of the argument: We can conclude, then, that testosterone tends to promote, and estrogen tends to inhibit, heart disease.
Reasoning Provided: The author concludes based on the correlation provided in the above sentence "Both sexes have the hormones estrogen and testosterone, but when they are relatively young, men have ten times as much testosterone as women, and women abruptly lose estrogen after menopause. "
Answer Choice Elimination:
A. Hormones are the primary factors that account for the differences in age-related heart disease risks between women and men.
Incorrect. The physician's argument doesn't explicitly state that hormones are the primary factors causing the age-related differences in heart disease risks between men and women. It merely suggests a correlation between hormone levels and heart disease risk.
B. Estrogen and testosterone are the only hormones that promote or inhibit heart disease.
Similar to A, the physician doesn't exclude other hormones.
C. Men with high testosterone levels have a greater risk for heart disease than do postmenopausal women.
Out of scope. The argument doesn't compare risk levels between men and postmenopausal women.
D. Because hormone levels are correlated with heart disease they influence heart disease.
The physician's argument assumes that because there is a correlation between hormone levels and heart disease risk (i.e., men having higher testosterone levels and experiencing heart disease earlier, while women lose estrogen after menopause and experience heart disease later), there is a causal relationship between hormones and heart disease. However, correlation does not necessarily imply causation, and the argument fails to provide sufficient evidence to establish a causal link between hormone levels and heart disease. Therefore, this option is correct.
E. Hormone levels do not vary from person to person, especially among those of the same age and gender.
Incorrect. The physician talks about general trends, not absolute levels in every individual.
Option D
15 Apr 2025, 14:09
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