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07 Dec 2024, 03:38
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A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
85%
(hard)
Question Stats:
51% (02:07) correct
49%
(02:27)
wrong
based on 136
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Research shows that nearly 85% of cities worldwide with populations over one million experience significant air quality issues. As a result, urban planning experts have recommended stricter emissions standards for all cities of this size. Since Metropolis City has a population of over one million, it will certainly face severe air quality problems if it does not implement these stricter standards.
Which of the following most closely parallels the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
(A) Most people who eat a high-fat diet experience health issues, so if Mark adopts a high-fat diet, he is guaranteed to develop health problems.
(B) A majority of students who score high on standardized tests also excel in mathematics. Since Jane excels in mathematics, she must have scored high on standardized tests.
(C) A study finds that areas with high crime rates tend to have a strong police presence. Since the central district of Gotham has a high police presence, its crime rate must also be high.
(D) All athletes who train consistently improve their performance. Since Sarah is an athlete, her performance will improve if she begins training consistently.
(E) A nationwide survey shows that neighbourhoods with more streetlights have lower crime rates. Therefore, installing additional streetlights will definitely reduce crime in every neighbourhood.
Which of the following most closely parallels the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
(A) Most people who eat a high-fat diet experience health issues, so if Mark adopts a high-fat diet, he is guaranteed to develop health problems.
(B) A majority of students who score high on standardized tests also excel in mathematics. Since Jane excels in mathematics, she must have scored high on standardized tests.
(C) A study finds that areas with high crime rates tend to have a strong police presence. Since the central district of Gotham has a high police presence, its crime rate must also be high.
(D) All athletes who train consistently improve their performance. Since Sarah is an athlete, her performance will improve if she begins training consistently.
(E) A nationwide survey shows that neighbourhoods with more streetlights have lower crime rates. Therefore, installing additional streetlights will definitely reduce crime in every neighbourhood.
07 Dec 2024, 03:40
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Answer: (A) Most people who eat a high-fat diet experience health issues, so if Mark adopts a high-fat diet, he is guaranteed to develop health problems.
Explanation:
Flaw in the Passage Argument:
The passage commits a generalization fallacy by assuming that since most cities of over one million people experience air quality issues, all cities of this size (specifically Metropolis City) will inevitably face similar problems unless stricter emissions standards are implemented. It extrapolates a general observation about many cities to a guaranteed outcome for one particular city.
Analysis of Answer Choices:
• (A):Most people who eat a high-fat diet experience health issues, so if Mark adopts a high-fat diet, he is guaranteed to develop health problems.
• Correct. This mirrors the same flawed reasoning: it takes a general observation (most people who eat a high-fat diet have health issues) and improperly concludes that this outcome must apply to Mark without accounting for individual variation.
• (B):A majority of students who score high on standardized tests also excel in mathematics. Since Jane excels in mathematics, she must have scored high on standardized tests.
• Incorrect. This argument contains a flaw of reversing causation or misinterpreting correlation but does not involve generalizing from most to all, as in the original argument.
• (C):A study finds that areas with high crime rates tend to have a strong police presence. Since the central district of Gotham has a high police presence, its crime rate must also be high.
• Incorrect. This argument assumes a causal relationship between police presence and crime rate, but it does not overgeneralize from “most” to “all.”
• (D):All athletes who train consistently improve their performance. Since Sarah is an athlete, her performance will improve if she begins training consistently.
• Incorrect. This statement is logically valid based on the given premise and does not commit the same fallacy of overgeneralization.
• (E):A nationwide survey shows that neighborhoods with more streetlights have lower crime rates. Therefore, installing additional streetlights will definitely reduce crime in every neighborhood.
• Incorrect. This argument assumes causation but does not overgeneralize from “most” to “all.” Instead, it makes an unwarranted assumption about the effectiveness of streetlights.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is (A) because it commits the same fallacy of assuming that what is true for most must necessarily be true for all, mirroring the flawed reasoning in the original argument.
Explanation:
Flaw in the Passage Argument:
The passage commits a generalization fallacy by assuming that since most cities of over one million people experience air quality issues, all cities of this size (specifically Metropolis City) will inevitably face similar problems unless stricter emissions standards are implemented. It extrapolates a general observation about many cities to a guaranteed outcome for one particular city.
Analysis of Answer Choices:
• (A):Most people who eat a high-fat diet experience health issues, so if Mark adopts a high-fat diet, he is guaranteed to develop health problems.
• Correct. This mirrors the same flawed reasoning: it takes a general observation (most people who eat a high-fat diet have health issues) and improperly concludes that this outcome must apply to Mark without accounting for individual variation.
• (B):A majority of students who score high on standardized tests also excel in mathematics. Since Jane excels in mathematics, she must have scored high on standardized tests.
• Incorrect. This argument contains a flaw of reversing causation or misinterpreting correlation but does not involve generalizing from most to all, as in the original argument.
• (C):A study finds that areas with high crime rates tend to have a strong police presence. Since the central district of Gotham has a high police presence, its crime rate must also be high.
• Incorrect. This argument assumes a causal relationship between police presence and crime rate, but it does not overgeneralize from “most” to “all.”
• (D):All athletes who train consistently improve their performance. Since Sarah is an athlete, her performance will improve if she begins training consistently.
• Incorrect. This statement is logically valid based on the given premise and does not commit the same fallacy of overgeneralization.
• (E):A nationwide survey shows that neighborhoods with more streetlights have lower crime rates. Therefore, installing additional streetlights will definitely reduce crime in every neighborhood.
• Incorrect. This argument assumes causation but does not overgeneralize from “most” to “all.” Instead, it makes an unwarranted assumption about the effectiveness of streetlights.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is (A) because it commits the same fallacy of assuming that what is true for most must necessarily be true for all, mirroring the flawed reasoning in the original argument.
08 Dec 2024, 04:47
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Logic Flow of stem: A usually causes B. Metro City has situation A. Not adopting measures will cause B
Logic Flow of all options
[A] A usually causes B therefore Mark Adopting A will cause B.
[B] A causes B therefore B will cause A
[C] A causes B therefore B will cause A
[D] A causes B, therefore if Sarah does A, it will definitely cause B
[E] B is usually low where A is present, therefore adopting A will reduce B
I narrowed it down to A and E and A made most sense based on the stem
Logic Flow of all options
[A] A usually causes B therefore Mark Adopting A will cause B.
[B] A causes B therefore B will cause A
[C] A causes B therefore B will cause A
[D] A causes B, therefore if Sarah does A, it will definitely cause B
[E] B is usually low where A is present, therefore adopting A will reduce B
I narrowed it down to A and E and A made most sense based on the stem
