Bunuel
There are known cases of children developing strong opposition to drinking water. Liquids are vital for the body so some parents solve the problem by adding artificial flavoring to the water they give their children to drink. The artificial flavoring has a high sugar content and contains many chemical additives. Since the only other option is dehydration, sometimes even resulting in death, parents should use the artificial flavoring to prevent this from happening.
Which of the following, if true, most undermines the argument's conclusion?
A. Soda beverages are often blamed for the tendency of many children to resist drinking water.
B. Water can be made more attractive to children by the addition of a piece of citrus fruit or a fun-shaped ice cube.
C. Dehydration can be caused by excessive vomiting or may occur as a symptom of a disease.
D. The sugar in artificial flavouring is usually created from glucose, a natural source.
E. In warm climates, the chances of dehydration can be lowered by keeping perspiration to a minimum.
OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
There are known cases of children developing strong opposition to drinking water. Liquids are vital for the body so some parents solve the problem by adding artificial flavoring to the water they give their children to drink. The artificial flavoring has a high sugar content and contains many chemical additives. Since the only other option is dehydration, sometimes even resulting in death, parents should use the artificial flavoring to prevent this from happening.
Which of the following, if true, most undermines the argument's conclusion?A. Soda beverages are often blamed for the tendency of many children to resist drinking water.
Incorrect.
To solve this Conclusion Weakening question, first break down the argument. The first three sentences are premises which provide factual data. The last sentence begins with a reason conjunction (since) so its first part is a premise too; it's second part is a recommendation (should) and is the argument's conclusion:
Premise A: some children don't like drinking water
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Premise B: since the body needs water, some parents add artificial flavoring to the water to make their children drink
+
Premise C: the flavoring is unhealthy
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Premise D: there are no other ways of making a child drink water except for adding artificial flavors
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Conclusion: parents should use the artificial flavorings
Weakening Data: ?
You are required to find data that weakens the conclusion that parents should flavor their children's water with artificial flavoring.
This answer choice neither weakens nor strengthens the conclusion. The reasons why some children refuse to drink water are irrelevant, as the arugment deals mainly with how to handle such situations.B. Water can be made more attractive to children by the addition of a piece of citrus fruit or a fun-shaped ice cube.
This answer choice weakens the conclusion by providing an example of two other solutions to the problem besides dehydration and artificial flavors. This seriously undermines the data upon which the conclusion is based.C. Dehydration can be caused by excessive vomiting or may occur as a symptom of a disease.
Incorrect.
To solve this Conclusion Weakening question, first break down the argument. The first three sentences are premises which provide factual data. The last sentence begins with a reason conjunction (since) so its first part is a premise too; it's second part is a recommendation (should) and is the argument's conclusion:
Premise A: some children don't like drinking water
+
Premise B: since the body needs water, some parents add artificial flavoring to the water to make their children drink
+
Premise C: the flavoring is unhealthy
+
Premise D: there are no other ways of making a child drink water except for adding artificial flavors
=
Conclusion: parents should use the artificial flavorings
Weakening Data: ?
You are required to find data that weakens the conclusion that parents should flavor their children's water with artificial flavoring.
This answer choice neither weakens nor strengthens the conclusion because additional causes of dehydration are irrelevant - the argument revolves solely around children's refusal to drink water.D. The sugar in artificial flavouring is usually created from glucose, a natural source.
Incorrect.
This answer choice strengthens the conclusion that parents should use the artificial flavoring. The fact that part of the artificial flavouring is natural means that it can't be that bad for kids. However, we're supposed to be proving the opposite: that children who do not like water should not be given water with artificial flavoring.E. In warm climates, the chances of dehydration can be lowered by keeping perspiration to a minimum.
Incorrect.
This answer choice neither weakens nor strengthens the conclusion. While the tip provided here can help lower the chances of dehydration, we still have a problem with premise B, which states that liquids are vital (necessary) for the body. Reducing perspiration is nice, but it won't be enough to save children who don't drink, so the conclusion holds - parents should use artificial flavors.