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22 Jan 2025, 23:40
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Difficulty:
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Question Stats:
85% (01:16) correct
15%
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wrong
based on 124
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Many scientists of the 1940s predicted that, new, exceptionally potent antibiotics would soon revolutionize the entire medical field. Patients would be given large dosages of these antibiotics, which would attack and kill harmful bacteria in the body, making the patients stronger as a result.
Which of the following, if true, best describes a reasoning error in the scientists’ prediction?
(A) To achieve the proper dosage requirements, several rounds of antibiotics would likely be necessary.
(B) In the 1940s, antibiotics had only recently been discovered.
(C) Some patients respond more quickly than others to strong antibiotics.
(D) Strong antibiotics act on all bacteria in the body in the same manner, including beneficial bacteria critical to human health.
(E) Some of the proposed antibiotic treatments would be quite expensive to develop.
Which of the following, if true, best describes a reasoning error in the scientists’ prediction?
(A) To achieve the proper dosage requirements, several rounds of antibiotics would likely be necessary.
(B) In the 1940s, antibiotics had only recently been discovered.
(C) Some patients respond more quickly than others to strong antibiotics.
(D) Strong antibiotics act on all bacteria in the body in the same manner, including beneficial bacteria critical to human health.
(E) Some of the proposed antibiotic treatments would be quite expensive to develop.
22 Mar 2025, 22:40
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Prediction: "Exceptionally potent antibiotics will revolutionize medicine by attacking and killing harmful bacteria in the body, making patients stronger."
Assumption: Killing harmful bacteria will automatically make patients healthier and stronger, without unintended consequences.
Pre-thinking: If antibiotics also kill beneficial bacteria, this could harm patients instead of helping them.
(A) To achieve the proper dosage requirements, several rounds of antibiotics would likely be necessary.
This talks about dosage requirements but doesn't tell us any harmful effects of the antibiotics => Eliminate
(B) In the 1940s, antibiotics had only recently been discovered.
So what if they had been recently discovered? Scientist's reasoning still stands.
(C) Some patients respond more quickly than others to strong antibiotics.
Some people will respond quicker than others, but the ones that respond slowly could still get the benefits of the antibiotics, sooner or later.
(D) Strong antibiotics act on all bacteria in the body in the same manner, including beneficial bacteria critical to human health.
This points out that they overlooked the fact that antibiotics might harm beneficial bacteria, which are essential for health. So their prediction that antibiotics would simply make patients "stronger" ignores potential negative side effects. Keep
(E) Some of the proposed antibiotic treatments would be quite expensive to develop.
Cost is irrelevant here => eliminate
Answer: (D)
Assumption: Killing harmful bacteria will automatically make patients healthier and stronger, without unintended consequences.
Pre-thinking: If antibiotics also kill beneficial bacteria, this could harm patients instead of helping them.
(A) To achieve the proper dosage requirements, several rounds of antibiotics would likely be necessary.
This talks about dosage requirements but doesn't tell us any harmful effects of the antibiotics => Eliminate
(B) In the 1940s, antibiotics had only recently been discovered.
So what if they had been recently discovered? Scientist's reasoning still stands.
(C) Some patients respond more quickly than others to strong antibiotics.
Some people will respond quicker than others, but the ones that respond slowly could still get the benefits of the antibiotics, sooner or later.
(D) Strong antibiotics act on all bacteria in the body in the same manner, including beneficial bacteria critical to human health.
This points out that they overlooked the fact that antibiotics might harm beneficial bacteria, which are essential for health. So their prediction that antibiotics would simply make patients "stronger" ignores potential negative side effects. Keep
(E) Some of the proposed antibiotic treatments would be quite expensive to develop.
Cost is irrelevant here => eliminate
Answer: (D)
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