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For five years, the amount of damage to trees caused by black diamond owls in Redfern National Park rose by ten percent or more annually. In order to curb these worrisome increases, park officials sprayed trees with a chemical preventing the owls from reproducing. Even though the number of black diamond owls in the park decreased, the amount of damage to trees caused by black diamond owls continued to increase significantly for the next two years.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the park officials' action did not achieve its goal?

A. Black diamond owls less than 3 years old do not cause as much damage to trees as do black diamond owls who are between the ages of 3 and 20 years (their average lifespan).

B. A small percentage of trees in Redfern National Park are harvested for lumber and replanted each year.

C. Black diamond owls are capable of reproducing at a rate greater than that of most other birds.

D. In addition to spraying trees, park officials placed nets designed to capture black diamond owls.

E. The smaller number of owls in Redfern National Park made the park a more desirable destination for vacationers.

Official explanation:

(A) This is an Explanation question. You know that damage to trees is caused by owls and that the park officials' action decreased the number of owls. However, the damage did not decrease when the owl population did. One of the choices must explain the discrepancy.

Choice (A) is correct. Reducing the owl population by preventing reproduction doesn't kill older owls; it prevents younger owls from coming into existence. After the chemical is sprayed, all living owls will continue to age. As the last generation of owls age, they become more damaging. Eventually, it would seem that the trend will be reversed, but this choice shows why, in the short term, the spray does not stop the increase in damage.

There's no reason to believe that the harvesting mentioned in choice (B) did not happen before the trees were sprayed, so it gives you no insight into anything that changed when the trees were sprayed with the chemical.

Choice (C) is irrelevant because the purpose of the spray is to prevent the owls from reproducing.

Choice (D) is incorrect because, if the officials adopted additional methods of owl control, it is more confusing, not less confusing, that the damage did not decrease.

Whether the number of tourists increased as given in choice (E) is irrelevant to the result, which is solely about damage to trees caused by owls.

Choice (A) is the correct answer.
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