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05 May 2026, 00:57
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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
(N/A)
Question Stats:
67% (01:25) correct
33%
(02:02)
wrong
based on 9
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Eugenia: Reliable tests have shown that Koolair brand refrigerators are the best-made of any of the major brands because they last longer and, on the whole, require fewer repairs than do refrigerators of any other major brand.
Neil: That is impossible. I have owned refrigerators of several different major brands, including Koolair, and the Koolair needed more repairs than did any of the others.
The reasoning in Neil's response is flawed because he
(A) uses a different notion of a product's quality from that used by Eugenia
(B) contradicts Eugenia's claim on the basis of a snap judgment and without making any attempt to offer supporting argumentation
(C) rejects a generalization on the basis of a single negative instance when that generalization has reasonable support and is not universal
(D) uses a pretense of authority in a technical field as the only support for his claim
(E) concludes that what holds true of each member of a group taken individually must also hold true of that group taken collectively
Neil: That is impossible. I have owned refrigerators of several different major brands, including Koolair, and the Koolair needed more repairs than did any of the others.
The reasoning in Neil's response is flawed because he
(A) uses a different notion of a product's quality from that used by Eugenia
(B) contradicts Eugenia's claim on the basis of a snap judgment and without making any attempt to offer supporting argumentation
(C) rejects a generalization on the basis of a single negative instance when that generalization has reasonable support and is not universal
(D) uses a pretense of authority in a technical field as the only support for his claim
(E) concludes that what holds true of each member of a group taken individually must also hold true of that group taken collectively
05 May 2026, 07:04
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The answer is C.
Eugenia makes a general claim based on reliable tests: Koolair refrigerators are the best because they last longer and require fewer repairs on average.
Neil responds by citing his personal experience with one Koolair refrigerator and concludes that Eugenia’s claim is impossible.
Option (A):
This suggests Neil is using a different definition of quality. However, both Eugenia and Neil are talking about repairs, so they are using the same metric. The issue is not a difference in definition.
Option (B):
Neil does provide some support by citing his personal experience. The problem is not that he offers no support, but that the support is too limited to refute a broader claim.
Option (C):
This accurately describes the flaw. Eugenia’s claim is a generalization based on broader evidence, while Neil rejects it using a single negative instance. One example is not enough to invalidate a general trend.
Option (D):
Neil does not claim any expertise or authority. He only refers to his own experience.
Option (E):
This refers to a group vs individual fallacy, which is not what is happening here. Neil is not making a claim about all individuals based on the group or vice versa.
Eugenia makes a general claim based on reliable tests: Koolair refrigerators are the best because they last longer and require fewer repairs on average.
Neil responds by citing his personal experience with one Koolair refrigerator and concludes that Eugenia’s claim is impossible.
Option (A):
This suggests Neil is using a different definition of quality. However, both Eugenia and Neil are talking about repairs, so they are using the same metric. The issue is not a difference in definition.
Option (B):
Neil does provide some support by citing his personal experience. The problem is not that he offers no support, but that the support is too limited to refute a broader claim.
Option (C):
This accurately describes the flaw. Eugenia’s claim is a generalization based on broader evidence, while Neil rejects it using a single negative instance. One example is not enough to invalidate a general trend.
Option (D):
Neil does not claim any expertise or authority. He only refers to his own experience.
Option (E):
This refers to a group vs individual fallacy, which is not what is happening here. Neil is not making a claim about all individuals based on the group or vice versa.
05 May 2026, 09:30
Kudos
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Eugenia: Reliable tests have shown that Koolair brand refrigerators are the best-made of any of the major brands because they last longer and, on the whole, require fewer repairs than do refrigerators of any other major brand.
Neil: That is impossible. I have owned refrigerators of several different major brands, including Koolair, and the Koolair needed more repairs than did any of the others.
The reasoning in Neil's response is flawed because he
Eugenia makes a general claim based on reliable tests: Koolair refrigerators, on average, last longer and need fewer repairs than other major brands. Neil rejects that general claim because his own Koolair refrigerator needed more repairs than his other refrigerators. The flaw is that one personal counterexample does not disprove an on-the-whole statistical claim.
(A) uses a different notion of a product's quality from that used by Eugenia
Wrong. Both are discussing quality in terms of durability and repairs, so this is not the main problem.
(B) contradicts Eugenia's claim on the basis of a snap judgment and without making any attempt to offer supporting argumentation
Wrong. Neil does give a reason, but the reason is too weak.
(C) rejects a generalization on the basis of a single negative instance when that generalization has reasonable support and is not universal
Correct. Eugenia’s claim is not that every Koolair refrigerator needs fewer repairs than every other refrigerator. It is an overall claim about the brand. Neil’s one bad experience does not refute that.
(D) uses a pretense of authority in a technical field as the only support for his claim
Wrong. Neil does not pretend to be a technical expert. He relies on personal experience.
(E) concludes that what holds true of each member of a group taken individually must also hold true of that group taken collectively
Wrong. This describes a composition error, but Neil is not reasoning from each member to the whole group.
Answer: (C)
Neil: That is impossible. I have owned refrigerators of several different major brands, including Koolair, and the Koolair needed more repairs than did any of the others.
The reasoning in Neil's response is flawed because he
Eugenia makes a general claim based on reliable tests: Koolair refrigerators, on average, last longer and need fewer repairs than other major brands. Neil rejects that general claim because his own Koolair refrigerator needed more repairs than his other refrigerators. The flaw is that one personal counterexample does not disprove an on-the-whole statistical claim.
(A) uses a different notion of a product's quality from that used by Eugenia
Wrong. Both are discussing quality in terms of durability and repairs, so this is not the main problem.
(B) contradicts Eugenia's claim on the basis of a snap judgment and without making any attempt to offer supporting argumentation
Wrong. Neil does give a reason, but the reason is too weak.
(C) rejects a generalization on the basis of a single negative instance when that generalization has reasonable support and is not universal
Correct. Eugenia’s claim is not that every Koolair refrigerator needs fewer repairs than every other refrigerator. It is an overall claim about the brand. Neil’s one bad experience does not refute that.
(D) uses a pretense of authority in a technical field as the only support for his claim
Wrong. Neil does not pretend to be a technical expert. He relies on personal experience.
(E) concludes that what holds true of each member of a group taken individually must also hold true of that group taken collectively
Wrong. This describes a composition error, but Neil is not reasoning from each member to the whole group.
Answer: (C)
