Interesting question. Here is my attempt:
Simply list out the numbers here since the question stem is really asking about numbers.
We have, 12% annual payment rate + 5% allocation based on median income a quick calculation gives 7,200+300 =7,500 this is above the median insurance cost of 7,000. Now we understand how the calculation came to be. So variables here are
a) annual payment rate b) median income, c) income allocation , and d) median insurance policy price tagThen we extract what the stem is actually asking:
what would increase the affordability. ---> so that ppl earning less could afford the policy.
We take this to test each answer choices.
A - Population is not a variable we have identified. reject
B - Lowering variable a), surely this will enhance the affordability of the insurance policy (namely, lower the price), keep
C - This hits the variable d). but it is the exact opposite of what we want. If the price tag is increased, keeping other variables unchanged, less ppl will be able to afford it, less affordability. reject.
D - This hits the variable b). but similar to C, this cast the opposite effect. If ppl were earning less, holding other variables unchanged, they'd have less absolute amount to spend on insurance policy, less affordability. reject.
E - This hits the variable c). Same situation as C and D. Allocating less income based on the exact same level for all other variables means less absolute amount towards insurance policy, less affordability. reject.