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26 May 2026, 08:58
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Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
63% (01:29) correct
37%
(01:48)
wrong
based on 38
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Melchior: Some studies have linked infants' consumption of formula made from cow's milk to subsequent diabetes. Nonetheless, parents should feed cow's milk formula to their infants. After all, cow's milk is an excellent source of several nutrients important to infants' development.
The reasoning in Melchior's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
(A) defends a certain practice on the basis that it has a certain benefit without considering whether an alternative practice has the same benefit
(B) draws a conclusion that simply restates a claim that is presented in support of that conclusion
(C) inappropriately introduces normative claims in support of a conclusion that is entirely factual
(D) distorts an argument against feeding cow's milk formula to infants and then attacks this distorted argument
(E) confuses an absence of evidence in support of a claim with the existence of evidence against a claim
The reasoning in Melchior's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
(A) defends a certain practice on the basis that it has a certain benefit without considering whether an alternative practice has the same benefit
(B) draws a conclusion that simply restates a claim that is presented in support of that conclusion
(C) inappropriately introduces normative claims in support of a conclusion that is entirely factual
(D) distorts an argument against feeding cow's milk formula to infants and then attacks this distorted argument
(E) confuses an absence of evidence in support of a claim with the existence of evidence against a claim
26 May 2026, 14:45
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Melchior: Some studies have linked infants' consumption of formula made from cow's milk to subsequent diabetes. Nonetheless, parents should feed cow's milk formula to their infants. After all, cow's milk is an excellent source of several nutrients important to infants' development.
The reasoning in Melchior's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
Melchior admits there may be a serious risk from cow’s milk formula, but still recommends it because cow’s milk provides important nutrients. The flaw is that he does not consider whether infants can get those same nutrients from another source, without the possible diabetes risk.
(A) defends a certain practice on the basis that it has a certain benefit without considering whether an alternative practice has the same benefit
Correct. Melchior defends feeding cow’s milk formula because it provides nutrients, but he ignores whether other formulas or foods could provide the same nutrients without the suspected risk.
(B) draws a conclusion that simply restates a claim that is presented in support of that conclusion
Wrong. The conclusion and premise are different. The conclusion is that parents should use cow’s milk formula; the premise is that cow’s milk contains important nutrients.
(C) inappropriately introduces normative claims in support of a conclusion that is entirely factual
Wrong. The conclusion is normative: parents should feed cow’s milk formula to infants.
(D) distorts an argument against feeding cow's milk formula to infants and then attacks this distorted argument
Wrong. Melchior does not misrepresent an opposing argument. He simply gives an incomplete reason for his recommendation.
(E) confuses an absence of evidence in support of a claim with the existence of evidence against a claim
Wrong. The argument does not rely on lack of evidence. It acknowledges studies linking cow’s milk formula to diabetes.
Answer: (A)
The reasoning in Melchior's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
Melchior admits there may be a serious risk from cow’s milk formula, but still recommends it because cow’s milk provides important nutrients. The flaw is that he does not consider whether infants can get those same nutrients from another source, without the possible diabetes risk.
(A) defends a certain practice on the basis that it has a certain benefit without considering whether an alternative practice has the same benefit
Correct. Melchior defends feeding cow’s milk formula because it provides nutrients, but he ignores whether other formulas or foods could provide the same nutrients without the suspected risk.
(B) draws a conclusion that simply restates a claim that is presented in support of that conclusion
Wrong. The conclusion and premise are different. The conclusion is that parents should use cow’s milk formula; the premise is that cow’s milk contains important nutrients.
(C) inappropriately introduces normative claims in support of a conclusion that is entirely factual
Wrong. The conclusion is normative: parents should feed cow’s milk formula to infants.
(D) distorts an argument against feeding cow's milk formula to infants and then attacks this distorted argument
Wrong. Melchior does not misrepresent an opposing argument. He simply gives an incomplete reason for his recommendation.
(E) confuses an absence of evidence in support of a claim with the existence of evidence against a claim
Wrong. The argument does not rely on lack of evidence. It acknowledges studies linking cow’s milk formula to diabetes.
Answer: (A)
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