Step (1)
We need to find a multiple of 180, so first prime factorize 180:
180 = (2)^2 * (3)^2 * (5)
Step (2)
We are told that the multiple or 180 has 40 factors.
In order to be a multiple of 180, the number must have the same prime factors in at least the same amount as 180 (the exponents of the prime Factorization must be equal to or greater than the exponents of 180’s Prime Factorization)
Rule: to find the number of factors of a number, we take the exponent of each prime factor, add + 1, then multiply the powers
Since 180 has three distinct prime factors, we know that the multiple’s Prime Factorization must have at least:
Two (2)’s
Two (3)’s
One (5)
Since we are multiplying the integer exponents, we can break the product of 40 down into 3 factors (1 exponent for each unique prime factor) to see which exponents we will need ——-> 40 = 5 * 4 * 2
Thus, if we made the unique prime factors of 180 (2 and 3 and 5) have the following exponents:
(5-1) = 4
(4-1) = 3
(2-1) = 1
We can assure that the value would be a multiple of 180 (since the exponents of each prime factor exceeds those of 180’s prime factorization) and we would have 40 factors.
Finally, to meet the constraint that the Multiple of 180 must be less than 3,000 ——> we should assign the higher exponents to the lower value Primes
Make the Multiple of 180 equal to——-> (2)^4 * (3)^3 * (5)^1
(Step 3) check if the number meets the constraint
Number of unique positive factors or this number value = (4 + 1) (3 + 1) (1 + 1) = 5 * 4 * 2 = 40
AND
the value of the number = (2)^4 * (3)^3 * (5)^1 = 16 * 27 * 5 = 2,160
Which is less than < 3,000
(Step 4) divide this multiple of 180 by 40
(2)^4 * (3)^3 * (5)
_______________
(2)^3 * (5)
After canceling the exponents we have:
(2) * (3)^3 = 2 * 27 =
54
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