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This is a classic two-set overlapping groups problem, and the key concept being tested is translating percentage relationships into the standard Venn diagram formula.

Here's how I'd break it down:

1. Set up your categories. Every student falls into exactly one of three buckets: Soccer Only, Baseball Only, or Both. There's no "Neither" here since the problem says every student opted for at least one.

2. Use the 90% clue. 90% opted for only one of the two, which means Soccer Only + Baseball Only = 90% of total. That leaves Both = 10% of total.

3. Decode "180 students have opted for baseball." This means baseball TOTAL — including those who chose both. So: Baseball Only + Both = 180.

4. Use the 50% clue. 50% of all students opted for baseball only. So Baseball Only = 50% of total.

5. Find the total. Since Baseball Only + Both = 180, and Baseball Only = 50% and Both = 10%, we get 60% of total = 180. Total = 180/0.6 = 300 students.

6. Find Soccer Only. We know Soccer Only + Baseball Only = 90% of total. Baseball Only = 50%, so Soccer Only = 40%. That gives us 40% of 300 = 120.

Answer: (A) 120

Common trap: Many students read "180 have opted for baseball" and assume that's Baseball Only. It's not — it includes students who opted for both. The GMAT loves testing whether you distinguish between "total in a set" and "only in that set." Whenever a problem gives you both phrasings, pay close attention to which one includes the overlap.

Takeaway: On any overlapping sets problem, your first move should be defining whether each given number represents "only" or "total" for that category — getting this wrong is the #1 reason people miss these questions.
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All the students in a group have opted for soccer, baseball, or both. 90 percent of these students have opted for only one of the two. Overall, 180 students have opted for baseball. If 50 percent students have opted for baseball only, how many students have opted for only soccer?

A. 120
B. 150
C. 180
D. 270
E. 300

Video explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch/3uB8w8aB-tE
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