Key concept being tested: Percent change with chained relationships — where multiple "percent higher/lower" comparisons apply to different base values.
The trap almost everyone falls into: when the problem says "Tom's weight is 30 percent lower than Vernon's weight," many students accidentally calculate 30% lower than Bernie's weight. These are two very different numbers and the slip kills you.
Step 1 — Pick a smart number for Bernie.
Let Bernie = 100. This avoids fractions entirely.
Step 2 — Find Vernon.
Vernon is 30% higher than Bernie: 100 x 1.3 = 130
Step 3 — Find Tom.
Tom is 30% lower than Vernon (not Bernie — this is the trap!):
130 x 0.7 = 91
Step 4 — Find Laurie.
Laurie = average of Vernon, Bernie, and Tom:
(130 + 100 + 91) / 3 = 321 / 3 = 107
Step 5 — Calculate the percent difference vs. Bernie.
Laurie (107) vs. Bernie (100) → Laurie is exactly 7% higher than Bernie.
Answer: B
The answer choices are specifically designed to trap you: 10% appears if you accidentally use Tom = 70 (30% below Bernie instead of Vernon), giving (130+100+70)/3 = 300/3 = 100 — which would mean Laurie equals Bernie. If you get something close to 10% or 11%, you applied the percentage to the wrong base.
Takeaway: Whenever a percent comparison uses the phrase "lower/higher than X," always pause and confirm which person X is before calculating — chained percent problems almost always hide a base-swap somewhere.
— Kavya | 725 (99th percentile), GMAT Focus Edition