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What is the source of this question? I do not know which concept is tested here.
If we round off we get 3.5 as the age of each boy/girl.

Total is 7..but then what is the meaning of "full years are counted"?
I can only think of the following..since the number of girls are higher we have to take 4 as the full years ( as the decimal will be closer to 4 ) and for boys 3. Is this what is tested here?
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Sometimes an equation works less efficiently than picking numbers. This is one of the cases.

You can solve this question by testing the min/max values.
Note I assume 0 cannot be a value since being 0 years old doesn't really make sense. Although if you re-run the calculations with 0 nothing is affect.

A) 5 - Max 22(1) + 24(4) = 118 too low
B) 6 - Max 22(1) + 24(5) = 142 too low
E) 9 - Min 22 (8) + 24(1) = 200 too high
D) 8 - Min 22 (7) + 24(1) = 178 too high

C) Is really all that is left
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20x+24y=160
5x+6y=40

suppose
x+y=t
then
5x+5y=5t or 6x+6y=6t

y=40-5t>=0
x=6t-40>=0

6.67=<t=<8
t=7

Ans C
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Thank you, guys!
Flyingbunny - kudos to you) The only note is that we should use >0 equation (instead of =>0), cause if we assume that the age of a person could be equal to 0, this means that the person has not been born yet which is definitely not the case.
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22b + 22g = 160
11b + 12g = 80
11(b+g) = 80-g

\(b+g = \frac{80-g}{11}\)

try g=3 (no other value is possible) and you will get b=4

ans: 7
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CasperMonday
The sum of ages of 22 boys and 24 girls is 160. What is the sum of ages of one boy and one girl, if all the boys are of the same age and all the girls are of the same age, and only full years are counted?

A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
E. 9

No need for complicated approaches: 22b+24g=160 --> 11b+12g=80. Notice that b must be even in order the sum to be even: b=2 doesn't give integer value of g, but b=4 does --> g=3 --> b+g=7. So as you see you need to try only two values to get the right answer.

Answer: C.
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22*b+24*g = 160 => 22(b+g) + 2g = 160 => 11(b+g) + g = 80. Using the choices, A isn't feasible, B isn't feasible, C is, D & E overshoot 80, so C it is.
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We are looking for B + G ..?


And the stem gives us: 22B + 24G = 160.....

B + 24/22G = 160/22

Approximately:

7<B+ 12/11G<8 .... Looking at the answers we can clearly see that the summ would be around 7. Which is the right answer ! Hope it helped !
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