TaN1213
Machines M1 and M2 purify air at different constant rates. Machine M1, operating alone for 5 hours, purified the air within part of one floor of a building; then Machine M2 , operating alone for 4 hours, purified the air within the rest of the floor. How many hours would it have taken Machine M1 operating alone to purify the air in the entire floor?
(1) M2 purified one cubic foot of air per minute within the 9 rooms on the floor it purified.
(2) M1 purified fifty percent more air in 5 hours than M2 purified in 4 hours
Source: Gmatfree
Official Explanation
We have a combined rate question here. The rates involve air purified per hour, but we aren't given any quantities or measures of air in the prompt, just "parts" of the floor, so we cannot calculate a rate for either machine yet. On to the statements, separately first.
Statement (1) gives us the rate of one of the machines. But we don't know the rate of the first machine. So we can imagine two cases, one in which the first machine is much slower than the second, and another in which the first machine is much faster than the second. In those two cases, we'll get quite different results for how long it would take the first machine to do it all alone. So Statement (1) is insufficient.
In the second statement, we get a comparative measure of the amounts of air these things purified. If M2 purified x amount of air in 4 hours, then Statement (2) is telling us that
air/hours = x/4 = 1.5x/5
It also means that the total air on the floor is 2.5x, since the combined efforts of the two machines covered the whole floor. Working with the rate for M1, we have
1.5x/5 = 2.5x/(25/3) = (total air)/hours
To double-check that we're right, we can do the same calculation for M2:
x/4 = 2.5x/10 = (total air)/hours
It checks out that it would take less time for M1 --namely, 25/3 or 8 1/3 hours--to do the whole floor than M2, since M1 is faster. Statement (2) is sufficient.
The correct answer is (B).