Given:• Bottle A:
30% alcohol
• Bottle B:
70% alcohol
•
Target: Find the ratio of volumes A : B
In mixture problems, when you know the concentrations and the final mixture percentage, you can find the RATIO of volumes. You don't need the actual volumes!Statement 1: When fully mixed, the result is
40% alcohol.
Let volume of A = a, volume of B = b
Alcohol from A + Alcohol from B = Alcohol in mixture
0.30a + 0.70b = 0.40(a + b)Solving:
0.30a + 0.70b = 0.40a + 0.40b
0.70b - 0.40b = 0.40a - 0.30a
0.30b = 0.10a
a/b = 3/1We get a unique ratio. Statement 1 is SUFFICIENT.---
Statement 2: (1/3) of A mixed with (1/2) of B gives
43.33% alcohol.
Note: 43.33% = 13/30
Alcohol from (1/3)A + Alcohol from (1/2)B = Alcohol in mixture
0.30 × (a/3) + 0.70 × (b/2) = (13/30) × (a/3 + b/2)Simplifying:
a/10 + 7b/20 = (13/30)(a/3 + b/2)
Multiply by 180 (to clear fractions):
18a + 63b = 26a + 39b
24b = 8a
a/b = 3/1We get a unique ratio. Statement 2 is SUFFICIENT.---
Why does this work? We have 2 unknowns (a and b) but we only need to find a/b. One equation is enough to find a ratio! Think of it this way: if a = 3 and b = 1 works, then a = 6 and b = 2 also works, and a = 30 and b = 10 works too. All give the same ratio 3:1.Answer: DEach statement alone gives us a single equation, and since we only need the ratio (not individual values), each statement is sufficient on its own.