I feel like such a doom-monger on here sometimes.
The only school that truly makes a difference is Harvard, through its alum. Wharton maybe, but Harvard definitely works. Otherwise it is all on your own work and how you make it happen - people do, but they are in the minority, their methods vary, but they are certainly committed to what they are doing.
Cutting youself to a niche in HF is ridiculous - you are in no position to be anywhere near as picky, save for working on a sell-side prop desk or something similar.
As for background - there are hundreds, if not thousands, of people who have good risk management knowledge, investment background or knowledge of trading. DrSatisfaction - your fallback order is where you are likely to start as it is currently 2009 and there are tens of thousands of people who know way more, have contacts and experience, who are walking the streets of major financial centers. Even in global macro you are going to need to invest in firms and short firms - you aren't going to get anything investing in fixed income, it is all about some form of neutral play typically, so you need to look at firms. I can't see how you can be interested in HF world, but can't be bothered with the reading up on firms "nonsense". If it isn't a firm, it is a 200 page offer doc on a CDO, CLO, CMO, RMBS, CMBS, CDO^2, synthetic....
in other words, there is no glory job in making a crapload of money in the market simply doing fun stuff.