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Ellen: All three of Shirley's children have the measles!
Lois: As a matter of fact, all three of Shirley's children are fine!
Accepting the assumption that nobody who has measles is fine, which of the following must be true about this exchange?
A) It is possible that both Ellen and Lois are right about Shirley's children.
B) It is possible that both Ellen and Lois are mistaken about Shirley's children.
C) Either Ellen is right about Shirley's children, or Lois is right about them, but they cannot both be right.
D) Ellen and Lois might both be right about Shirley's children, and they might both be wrong about them.
E) None of these alternatives correctly identifies a possibility for this scenario.
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It is B because it is possible that one or two of the children have measles, and incorrect interpretation of information on both sides leads to the argument.
(B) These two statements are called 'contraries.' That is, they cannot both be true, but they can both be false. The latter would valid if, for example, two of Shirley's children had measles and the third one was fine. But no combination of illness and health in Shirley's children will allow both Ellen and Louis's statements to be true. (C) is incorrect because there is no reason why either one of them has to be correct? Both Ellen and Shirley could be wrong. We apologize for no making that clear in the explanation
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