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OA a few posts below.
Solar ponds are bodies of water in which circulation is incomplete and there is a very high salt concentration that increases with depth. This vertical change in salinity serves to trap heat because concentrated brine in the lowest water level acts as a collector and storage area for solar heat, while the less saline, lighter water at the upper levels provides insulation. Heat is thus retained in the depths.
An artificial pond of this type has been constructed on the western shore of the Dead Sea in Israel in order to test its suitability as a source of low-grade heat for conversion into electricity. An immediate threat to the success of the venture was the growth of algae. Water in solar ponds must be kept maximally transparent to allow penetration of light to the deep storage area. Therefore, any particles of matter in the water, such as algae cells, that scatter or absorb light will interfere with the collection of heat.
One proposed method of controlling the algae was the application of an algicide. However, the Dead Sea is a closed body of water without any outlet and as such is very easily contaminated. Extensive use of chemicals in numerous future full-scale solar ponds would lead to such contamination of the Dead Sea, which now enjoys a lucrative tourist trade.
A recent experiment has supplied a more promising method for controlling the algae. To repress the algae cells' capacity for accommodating themselves to environmental changes, the water in the solar pond was first made more saline through evaporation and then diluted by a rapid inflow of fresh water. This shock reduced the cells' ability to regulate the movement of water through their membranes. They rapidly absorbed water, resulting in distortions of shape, increase in volume, and impairment to motility. Their buoyancy adversely affected, the cells sank to the bottom of the pond, where they encountered the hot waters of the storage layer and were destroyed. This method allows for effective control of nuisance algae while leaving solar ponds as one of the cleanest technologies providing energy for human use.
1. Which of the following, if true, would seriously undermine the validity of the conclusions drawn from the experiment described in the last paragraph of the passage?
A The algae cells that sank to the bottom of the pond were destroyed only after a time lag of twenty-four hours.
B The lateral motility of the algae cells that sank to the bottom of the pond was not impaired.
C The water with which the artificial solar pond was diluted contained microorganisms that kill algae.
D The algae cells that sank to the bottom of the pond were actually killed by the rapid change in pressure.
E The higher salinity brought about through evaporation increased the transparency of the upper levels of water in the pond.
2. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A discuss ways of solving a problem that threatens to limit the usefulness of an energy source
B explain the mechanisms by which solar heat may be converted into energy
C detail the processes by which algae cells colonize highly saline bodies of water
D report the results of an experiment designed to clean contaminated bodies of water
E describe the unique properties of a solar pond on the edge of the Dead Sea
Please, provide explanations.
Source – GMATPrep by Pearson VUE
Solar ponds are bodies of water in which circulation is incomplete and there is a very high salt concentration that increases with depth. This vertical change in salinity serves to trap heat because concentrated brine in the lowest water level acts as a collector and storage area for solar heat, while the less saline, lighter water at the upper levels provides insulation. Heat is thus retained in the depths.
An artificial pond of this type has been constructed on the western shore of the Dead Sea in Israel in order to test its suitability as a source of low-grade heat for conversion into electricity. An immediate threat to the success of the venture was the growth of algae. Water in solar ponds must be kept maximally transparent to allow penetration of light to the deep storage area. Therefore, any particles of matter in the water, such as algae cells, that scatter or absorb light will interfere with the collection of heat.
One proposed method of controlling the algae was the application of an algicide. However, the Dead Sea is a closed body of water without any outlet and as such is very easily contaminated. Extensive use of chemicals in numerous future full-scale solar ponds would lead to such contamination of the Dead Sea, which now enjoys a lucrative tourist trade.
A recent experiment has supplied a more promising method for controlling the algae. To repress the algae cells' capacity for accommodating themselves to environmental changes, the water in the solar pond was first made more saline through evaporation and then diluted by a rapid inflow of fresh water. This shock reduced the cells' ability to regulate the movement of water through their membranes. They rapidly absorbed water, resulting in distortions of shape, increase in volume, and impairment to motility. Their buoyancy adversely affected, the cells sank to the bottom of the pond, where they encountered the hot waters of the storage layer and were destroyed. This method allows for effective control of nuisance algae while leaving solar ponds as one of the cleanest technologies providing energy for human use.
1. Which of the following, if true, would seriously undermine the validity of the conclusions drawn from the experiment described in the last paragraph of the passage?
A The algae cells that sank to the bottom of the pond were destroyed only after a time lag of twenty-four hours.
B The lateral motility of the algae cells that sank to the bottom of the pond was not impaired.
C The water with which the artificial solar pond was diluted contained microorganisms that kill algae.
D The algae cells that sank to the bottom of the pond were actually killed by the rapid change in pressure.
E The higher salinity brought about through evaporation increased the transparency of the upper levels of water in the pond.
2. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A discuss ways of solving a problem that threatens to limit the usefulness of an energy source
B explain the mechanisms by which solar heat may be converted into energy
C detail the processes by which algae cells colonize highly saline bodies of water
D report the results of an experiment designed to clean contaminated bodies of water
E describe the unique properties of a solar pond on the edge of the Dead Sea
Please, provide explanations.
Source – GMATPrep by Pearson VUE
Archived Topic
Hi there,
This topic has been closed and archived due to inactivity or violation of community quality standards. No more replies are possible here.
Where to now? Join ongoing discussions on thousands of quality questions in our Reading Comprehension (RC) Forum
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block below for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.
Thank you for understanding, and happy exploring!
06 Aug 2005, 10:50
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1. C
Subtle, but I think the introduction of micro organisms into the closed system of the dead sea would have the same effects as the algicide contaminating the Dead Sea water, so would have the weakening effect of the proposed plan. Rest are not true.
2. A
introduces the algae problem wrt solar energy generation through solar ponds and talks about appraches to solve this problem.
Subtle, but I think the introduction of micro organisms into the closed system of the dead sea would have the same effects as the algicide contaminating the Dead Sea water, so would have the weakening effect of the proposed plan. Rest are not true.
2. A
introduces the algae problem wrt solar energy generation through solar ponds and talks about appraches to solve this problem.
07 Aug 2005, 02:02
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Bookmarks
prep_gmat
You are right. Thanks for the explanation.
OA is
1. C
2. A
You are right. Thanks for the explanation.
OA is
1. C
2. A
Archived Topic
Hi there,
This topic has been closed and archived due to inactivity or violation of community quality standards. No more replies are possible here.
Where to now? Join ongoing discussions on thousands of quality questions in our Reading Comprehension (RC) Forum
Still interested in this question? Check out the "Best Topics" block above for a better discussion on this exact question, as well as several more related questions.
Thank you for understanding, and happy exploring!
