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Your first example: The house, which was set back from the shore, overlooked the lake.
Will it be wrong If we say
"The house, set back from the shore, overlooked the lake."
Here "which was set back from the shore" is used as an adjective clause and refers to the noun house. You can argue that "set back from the shore" can alos be an adjective clause. But typically an adjective clause defines the noun explicitly. Which house or which one? The one which was set back...In the latter choice it does not refer to a specifc house and could be any house or several houses. However the intention of the original sentence is to refer to a specific house.
Also to answer your question about significance of which: another thing to consider is use of That / Which. These are used depending on whether the adjective clause is restrictive / non restrictive. Since the original sentence has a noun house and this house needs the adjective "which was set ...shore" to identify itself, this is a restrictive adjective clause. Also the comma after house will not be there. You can use either that / which in this case. However if the adjective is not needed to define the noun, it becomes a nonrestrctive adjective clause . For example, My only house, which........or The house, which.... here the adjective is not needed for identifying the person / thing. So it is a non restrictive clause. And in this case only which is used, not that.
Your second example: He saw the movie recently , so he didn't want to see it tonight
Will it be wrong If we say :
He has seen the movie recently , so he doesn't want to see it tonight
I dont think it will be wrong to say this. However your second sentence changes the meaning of the original sentence. He saw...so he didn;t... is in the past tense , rather both the events are in past tense. But in the second option the tense is present perfect and the second event is (also present perfect) but a present / continuing event (doesn't want....).
Hope this helps.
AT
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