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sondenso
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A & B problem 'it' is referring to what? (United States / Polio ?)
C - is saying,hey look although polio is somewhere else, we can/could bring polio back..( as if someone is in need of polio)
D - awkward
E wins

Can someone point nice rule on Although/Even though/Despite/Inspite of /though ?
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sondenso
30.
Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be brought into the country by visitors.

(A) Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be
(B) Polio, although eradicated in the United States, it still continues elsewhere and can be
(C) Although still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and could be
(D) Although having been eradicated in the United States, polio still continues elsewhere and is capable of being
(E) Although eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be


Nice.. I am between D and E here

I do not like "is capable of" in D.. but I have to admit, that "is capable of being" is better than "is able to be".
Having been eradicated = having been + past participle (perfect participle)

See the following extract (https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/participles)

Perfect Participle
The perfect participle can be used to shorten or combine clauses that have the same subject if …

… one action (the one where the perfect participle is used) is completed before the next action starts.
Example: She bought a bike and cycled home. – Having bought a bike, she cycled home.

… one action has been going on for a period of time when another action starts.
Example: He had been living there for such a long time that he didn't want to move to another town. – Having lived there for such a long time, he didn't want to move to another town.

The perfect participle can be used for active and passive voice.

active voice: having + past participle (Having cooked, he set the table.)
passive voice: having been + past participle (Having been cooked, the food looked delicious.)

Could in E seems to be odd.. We use could to point past possibility, certainty level, suggestions..

I go with D..

Sondenso, please, post the OA..
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chica
sondenso
30.
Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be brought into the country by visitors.

(A) Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be
(B) Polio, although eradicated in the United States, it still continues elsewhere and can be
(C) Although still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and could be
(D) Although having been eradicated in the United States, polio still continues elsewhere and is capable of being
(E) Although eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be


Nice.. I am between D and E here

I do not like "is capable of" in D.. but I have to admit, that "is capable of being" is better than "is able to be".
Having been eradicated = having been + past participle (perfect participle)

See the following extract (https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/participles)

Perfect Participle
The perfect participle can be used to shorten or combine clauses that have the same subject if …

… one action (the one where the perfect participle is used) is completed before the next action starts.
Example: She bought a bike and cycled home. – Having bought a bike, she cycled home.

… one action has been going on for a period of time when another action starts.
Example: He had been living there for such a long time that he didn't want to move to another town. – Having lived there for such a long time, he didn't want to move to another town.

The perfect participle can be used for active and passive voice.

active voice: having + past participle (Having cooked, he set the table.)
passive voice: having been + past participle (Having been cooked, the food looked delicious.)

Could in E seems to be odd.. We use could to point past possibility, certainty level, suggestions..

I go with D..

Sondenso, please, post the OA..

Dear Chica,

Your reasoning is strong and it is focus much on "Although + past participle", but the reason I also choose D lies in other area.

Let add my thought with you! and by the way I would like to help some clear about the question of saravalli:
saravalli
Can someone point nice rule on Although/Even though/Despite/Inspite of /though ?

@Saravalli:
I remember only this:
[Although, even though, though] + clause or ADJ, + Main Clause

[Despite, Inspite of] + Noun, + Main Clause

And give me some time, I will help you make some more clear about it, if I find it interesting in my file. Wait for me! :lol:

@chica:

For grammar rule about Although, i think D and E all correct. But D is more wordy than E because of "have been". In the structure like that the preference will be to ommit "have been, being...or something like that forms the passive"

The reason I choose D also is I want to keep the original meaning- the rule of Manhattan. But today I found that Polio can not "is capable of or is able to". This is only appliable for human.

What do you think?
OA is E
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guys D is clearly wrong - having being is incorrect usage of present perfect tense.

Having implies something that has started in the past and is still going on in the present. This is not the case. Polio has already been eradicated.
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sondenso
30.Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be brought into the country by visitors.

(A) Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be
(B) Polio, although eradicated in the United States, it still continues elsewhere and can be
(C) Although still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and could be
(D) Although having been eradicated in the United States, polio still continues elsewhere and is capable of being
(E) Although eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be

I jotted to find a correct one other than E but could not do so. IMO E is ellipsis; so is correct.
(E) Although (Polio is) eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be.......
"although" should be followed by a clause, therefore "polio is" is understood in E..

C is also an elipsis but it is incorrect even with ellipses. lets see how it looks like:
(C) Although (it is) still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and could be.............

it changes and is not logical as well.

D lacks ellipses. so "Although having been eradicated in the United States" is not a complete clause since it is missing a subject. therefore "although" without a clause is not correct.
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sondenso
30.Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be brought into the country by visitors.

(A) Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be
(B) Polio, although eradicated in the United States, it still continues elsewhere and can be
(C) Although still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and could be
(D) Although having been eradicated in the United States, polio still continues elsewhere and is capable of being
(E) Although eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be

I jotted to find a correct one other than E but could not do so. IMO E is ellipsis; so is correct.
(E) Although (Polio is) eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be.......
"although" should be followed by a clause, therefore "polio is" is understood in E..

C is also an elipsis but it is incorrect even with ellipses. lets see how it looks like:
(C) Although (it is) still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and could be.............

it changes and is not logical as well.

D lacks ellipses. so "Although having been eradicated in the United States" is not a complete clause since it is missing a subject. therefore "although" without a clause is not correct.

Both in E and D, although is used with participle, let it call adj and followed by clause.

Regarding the other comments, I did some search on the meaning of "to be capable of" and in all grammar sites it was perfectly fine when used with non-humans.. In case, anybody can provide the opposite - please, do. On the other thoughts, it is GMAT. And, Sondenso, you can be right here.

Having been + participle is actually correct. It does not have to mean continuation at least not in this case. Please, refer to the explanation above. But it is wordy. The usage of being is also correct as the the phrase "to be capable of" require gerund (-ing).

Points to eliminate D could be:
1. it is not concise and wordy
2. to be capable of + humans ??

I like E for it is concise and nicely put. But I am confused with the usage of "could" in it. I still am. That was the only reason I eliminated "E".
Please, share your points here. Most of people went with E..

Gracias
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chica
Points to eliminate D could be:
1. it is not concise and wordy
2. to be capable of + humans ??

That is right!

chica
But I am confused with the usage of "could" in it. I still am. That was the only reason I eliminated "E".
Please, share your points here. Most of people went with E..

The same to me, I eliminate E with the rule of Manhattan Sc in my mind. Sometimes The real Gmat does not follow Manhattan rule. God! :lol:
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I will try to answer my own question in a concise way.

The original sentence is meant to say that even though the disease is no more found in the US, the possibility that it can explode in the country some day is still there. Hence, we should only talk about a mere chance for disease to appear in the country once again being brought by visitors, OR in other words about one of the possible ways for disease to appear in the country once again. To transfer this fear that disease is possible to be brought back to the US we need to use a word that expresses this idea. Could expresses just that - a possibility, a chance of smth to happen.

Can, on the other hand, implies rather high level of certainty of smth to happen (in fact it shows that smth is certain under specific circumstances).

e.g.
1. When she goes to London she can stay at her sister's place. It means that she will definitely have place to stay in London. Her sister's apartment is available at any time.
2. When she goes to London she could stay at her sister's place. It means it is possible for her to have place to stay in London. But it is not that certain. It is under question whether her sister's apartment will be available then.

Here is a nice review of modal forms (good refreshment :wink: ):
https://www.englishpage.com/modals/could.html



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