Let's assume the total work to be done is 720 units (LCM of 20, 16, 18).
Now, men put together complete the work in 20 days and their combined efficiency is 720/20 = 36 units/day.
Therefore, efficiency of 1 man = 36 units/12 men = 3 units/day
Similarly if we do for women and children, we get:
Combined efficiency of women = 720 units/16 women = 45 units/day and efficiency of 1 woman = 45/18 units per day
Combined efficiency of children = 720 units/18 children = 40 units/day and efficiency of 1 child = 40/24 units per day.
Since it is given that 8 women and 16 children worked for 9 days, we can calculate the total units of work done by them:
(45/18)*8 women*9 days + (40/24)*16 children*9 days = 420 units
The pending work of 300 units (720-420) is done by 10 men. The efficiency of 10 men is 30 units per day (3 units/day *10 men).
Therefore, 300 units of work can be completed by 10 men in 300/30 = 10 days.