This is a classic two equations, two unknowns type question. You could set up two equations, and use brute fore to solve. BUT, this is not what a smart test taker should do. Pattern recognition is what's being tested here.
Notice that answers A, B, and E, are divisible by 4, the others are no. So you can eliminate choices C, and D since 3/4 of these choices will not result in a whole number.
Since the answer choices are in chronological order, test the middle choice - choice B
notice that 3/4 of 40 is 30. Easy. If you subtract 18 from 30, you get 12. 12/40 reduces to 3/10 - 30%. Voila choice B satisfies the conditions of the question. Choice B is the correct answer.
Remember the GMAT isn't designed to test your math skills, it's designed to test critical thinking and your ability to recognize patterns and find the easy way of solving a problem. Look for the easy answers.
Cheers,
Wahed