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31 Oct 2023, 15:32
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sk05
I see what you mean about E, but we don't know that kids choose to become farmers because those around them are farmers. It seems more likely that these kids come from farming families, in which farming may have been the plan all along. Also, E is telling us that this farming aspect may be warping the data around college attendance, but it doesn't tell us whether families will be choosing between urban private schools and rural public schools. Maybe someone who is considering private school is NOT in a rural part of the county, and would not send their kid to a rural public school.
The problem with D is that it isn't enough to overcome what we know--that fewer kids from public schools go to college. Despite the sports, public schools have a lower college attendance rate, so it still seems that private schools have an advantage. Maybe they do more of other activities (debate team, internships, etc.) that increase kids' chances even more. In general, beware of any use of ONE comparison ("We have more sports, and those are good!") to establish or strengthen/weaken a definitive evaluation ("Our school is better for getting into college.") What if I said that movie theater popcorn was better for you than broccoli because it has more protein, which is important for your body? The premise is true, but the conclusion, sadly, is not.
I see what you mean about E, but we don't know that kids choose to become farmers because those around them are farmers. It seems more likely that these kids come from farming families, in which farming may have been the plan all along. Also, E is telling us that this farming aspect may be warping the data around college attendance, but it doesn't tell us whether families will be choosing between urban private schools and rural public schools. Maybe someone who is considering private school is NOT in a rural part of the county, and would not send their kid to a rural public school.
The problem with D is that it isn't enough to overcome what we know--that fewer kids from public schools go to college. Despite the sports, public schools have a lower college attendance rate, so it still seems that private schools have an advantage. Maybe they do more of other activities (debate team, internships, etc.) that increase kids' chances even more. In general, beware of any use of ONE comparison ("We have more sports, and those are good!") to establish or strengthen/weaken a definitive evaluation ("Our school is better for getting into college.") What if I said that movie theater popcorn was better for you than broccoli because it has more protein, which is important for your body? The premise is true, but the conclusion, sadly, is not.
17 Nov 2024, 01:05
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DmitryFarber
Hi DmitryFarber,
I understand why other answers are irrelevant, but i can't understand why (E) can be the answer:
Private high schools: 90/100 go to college
Public high schools: 65/100 go to college: ''means other 35 do something else or nothing''
(E) merely says what other 30 PEOPLE from Public high school do.
How does it weaken the argument that ''if parents in the county wish to increase the likelihood that their children will attend college, they should send them to private rather than public schools.''
Maybe, if these 30 PEOPLE get admitted to Private school, they MAY attend College, right?
Question doesn't give us any hint that those 30% are from Farming family and that they are gonna choose FARMING over COLLEFGE, be it private or public school.
17 Nov 2024, 08:14
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Contropositive
What you're missing is that this new data tells us that there is a difference between the two groups predates their entry to high school. This is not a random, controlled study! About 1/3 of the kids at public schools planned to go into farming all along because they were from rural, farming communities, not because of the school they attended. This suggests that their choice of school may never have been the issue, and sending them to private school may not make a difference. Sure, there's a possibility that it would, but this weakens that possibility. Like any weakener, that's all it needs to do--it doesn't need to definitively disprove the conclusion.
In any case, this is a common pattern for causal arguments. If we see X and Y correlated and the author concludes that X causes Y, we can weaken by finding some other causal factor that is also correlated with X. So if runners live longer and the author thinks running causes longevity, we can weaken by finding some other longevity-producing trait that causes people to be runners in the first place (e.g. some gene that promotes cardiovascular health). Or we can find that NOT doing X is correlated with something else that makes Y less likely. For instance, maybe people who don't like to run are more likely to have genes that also promote life-threatening diseases. In that case, maybe running doesn't make you live longer--maybe it's just about being healthy enough to run in the first place. That's like what we have in the original argument. Maybe it's not that private school makes you more likely to go to college. Maybe people who DON'T go to private school are just more likely to be people who don't WANT to go to college in the first place.
What you're missing is that this new data tells us that there is a difference between the two groups predates their entry to high school. This is not a random, controlled study! About 1/3 of the kids at public schools planned to go into farming all along because they were from rural, farming communities, not because of the school they attended. This suggests that their choice of school may never have been the issue, and sending them to private school may not make a difference. Sure, there's a possibility that it would, but this weakens that possibility. Like any weakener, that's all it needs to do--it doesn't need to definitively disprove the conclusion.
In any case, this is a common pattern for causal arguments. If we see X and Y correlated and the author concludes that X causes Y, we can weaken by finding some other causal factor that is also correlated with X. So if runners live longer and the author thinks running causes longevity, we can weaken by finding some other longevity-producing trait that causes people to be runners in the first place (e.g. some gene that promotes cardiovascular health). Or we can find that NOT doing X is correlated with something else that makes Y less likely. For instance, maybe people who don't like to run are more likely to have genes that also promote life-threatening diseases. In that case, maybe running doesn't make you live longer--maybe it's just about being healthy enough to run in the first place. That's like what we have in the original argument. Maybe it's not that private school makes you more likely to go to college. Maybe people who DON'T go to private school are just more likely to be people who don't WANT to go to college in the first place.
