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06 Oct 2024, 12:53
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E
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Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
68% (02:25) correct
32%
(02:35)
wrong
based on 910
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According to a survey of subscribers to Systems magazine, only 30 percent of all merchandise orders placed by subscribers in response to advertisements in the magazine last year were placed by subscribers under age 35. According to a subsequent tabulation by Systems advertisers, however, most of the merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by people under age 35. Therefore, either the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate.
Which of the following poses a challenge that points to the inadequacy of the argument as presented?
A. More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine might be age 35 or over than under age 35.
B. The proportion of subscribers to Systems who are under age 35 might have increased substantially in the past year.
C. People might often identify merchandise they wish to purchase in magazine advertisements but then make the actual purchases in stores.
D. The advertisements that appear in Systems might be designed primarily to be attractive to people under age 35.
E. Many people who place orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems might purchase the magazine at newsstands, not by subscription.
Which of the following poses a challenge that points to the inadequacy of the argument as presented?
A. More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine might be age 35 or over than under age 35.
B. The proportion of subscribers to Systems who are under age 35 might have increased substantially in the past year.
C. People might often identify merchandise they wish to purchase in magazine advertisements but then make the actual purchases in stores.
D. The advertisements that appear in Systems might be designed primarily to be attractive to people under age 35.
E. Many people who place orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems might purchase the magazine at newsstands, not by subscription.
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11 Oct 2024, 14:23
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According to a survey of subscribers to Systems magazine, only 30 percent of all merchandise orders placed by subscribers in response to advertisements in the magazine last year were placed by subscribers under age 35. According to a subsequent tabulation by Systems advertisers, however, most of the merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by people under age 35. Therefore, either the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate.
The conclusion of the argument is the following:
either the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate
The reasoning of the argument is that the survey results and the tabulation indicate much different proportions of merchandise orders having been placed by people under age 35, "30 percent" versus "most," and that, therefore, one or the other must be inaccurate.
One interesting detail of the argument we might notice is that the survey results involve orders placed by "subscribers" whereas the tabulation involves orders placed by "people." So, since not all "people" are necessarily "subscribers," the survey and the tabulation may not involve the same set of people.
Which of the following poses a challenge that points to the inadequacy of the argument as presented?
This question is a type of Logical Flaw question, and the correct answer will bring up something that serves to highlight an "inadequacy" of, or flaw in, the argument.
A. More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine might be age 35 or over rather than under age 35.
The support for the conclusion that either the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate is that the survey and the tabulation indicated different proportions of merchandise purchased by people under age 35.
So, this possibility involving subscribers who have not purchased merchandise is completely irrelevant since the argument is about proportions of people who have purchased merchandise.
Eliminate.
B. The proportion of subscribers to Systems who are under age 35 might have increased substantially in the past year.
This choice is tricky because we could get the impression that it indicates, rather than that either the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate, that actually they were both accurate, the reason for the discrepancy in the numbers being that the proportion of subscribers under age 35 increased from the time when the survey was done to the time when the tabulation was done.
The issue with that line of thinking is that the survey and the tabulation don't involve statistics from two different time periods, such as the past year and the year before the past year. Rather, they involve the same time period, "last year."
Thus, an increase in the proportion of subscribers under age 35 in the past year would have affected the survey and the tabulation equally.
So, the reason for the difference is not that there was such an increase over the past year.
Therefore, even if this choice is true, it still appears that the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate, and the argument still works.
Eliminate.
C. People might often identify merchandise they wish to purchase in magazine advertisements but then make the actual purchases in stores.
The argument is about percentages of people who "placed orders."
The survey indicated one thing about people who placed orders: "30 percent" were under 35
The tabulation indicated something different about people who placed orders: "most" were under 35.
So, the only category of people the argument is concerned with is people who placed orders.
Thus, this information indicating that some people may not place orders but rather make purchases in stores is completely irrelevant to this argument.
After all, information on people who make purchases in stores has no bearing on the proportion of people who placed orders who were under age 35. After all, regardless of how many people purchased in stores, the proportion of people who placed orders who were under 35 remains the same.
Eliminate.
D. The advertisements that appear in Systems might be designed primarily to be attractive to people under age 35.
This choice may explain why the tabulation found that most orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems were placed by people under 35: It's to those people the advertisements in system are designed to be attractive.
At the same time, we don't need such an explanation. We need information that highlights a flaw in the argument, and the fact that there's a logical explanation why most orders were placed by people under 35 doesn't highlight any flaw in the argument. Rather, that explanation tends to indicate that the tabulation may be accurate.
OK, so the tabulation may be accurate. In that case, what the survey results indicate may be inaccurate, in which case the argument works just fine, since the conclusion is that one or the other was inaccurate.
So, this choice doesn't highlight any flaw in the argument.
Eliminate.
E. Many people who place orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems might purchase the magazine at newsstands, not by subscription.
This choice is interesting.
As discussed above, the survey results involved "subscribers," and in contrast, the tabulation involved "people."
The support for the conclusion is that the statistic arrived at through the survey of "subscribers," 30 percent, does not match the statistic arrived at through the tabulation, "most," i.e., over 50 percent.
So, what if many "people" who placed orders in response to advertisements in Systems purchased the magazine at newsstands, not by subscription.
In that case, the number of "people" who ordered from the advertisers could have been different from the number of "subscribers" who ordered from advertisers. There could be many people who didn't subscribe but purchased the magazine and placed orders.
Thus, in that case, it could be that the reason why the survey indicated a proportion of orders placed by people under 35 different from what the tabulation indicated is not that one or the other was inaccurate bur rather than the two did not involve the same group of people.
In other words, it could be that the percentage of people under 35 in the group of "subscribers" who placed orders was smaller than the percentage of people under 35 in the group of "people" who placed orders and that that's the reason for the difference between the proportions indicated.
So, this choice highlights a flaw in the argument, which is that the argument assumes that the "subscribers" and the "people" were basically the same group.
Keep.
Correct answer: E
The conclusion of the argument is the following:
either the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate
The reasoning of the argument is that the survey results and the tabulation indicate much different proportions of merchandise orders having been placed by people under age 35, "30 percent" versus "most," and that, therefore, one or the other must be inaccurate.
One interesting detail of the argument we might notice is that the survey results involve orders placed by "subscribers" whereas the tabulation involves orders placed by "people." So, since not all "people" are necessarily "subscribers," the survey and the tabulation may not involve the same set of people.
Which of the following poses a challenge that points to the inadequacy of the argument as presented?
This question is a type of Logical Flaw question, and the correct answer will bring up something that serves to highlight an "inadequacy" of, or flaw in, the argument.
A. More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine might be age 35 or over rather than under age 35.
The support for the conclusion that either the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate is that the survey and the tabulation indicated different proportions of merchandise purchased by people under age 35.
So, this possibility involving subscribers who have not purchased merchandise is completely irrelevant since the argument is about proportions of people who have purchased merchandise.
Eliminate.
B. The proportion of subscribers to Systems who are under age 35 might have increased substantially in the past year.
This choice is tricky because we could get the impression that it indicates, rather than that either the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate, that actually they were both accurate, the reason for the discrepancy in the numbers being that the proportion of subscribers under age 35 increased from the time when the survey was done to the time when the tabulation was done.
The issue with that line of thinking is that the survey and the tabulation don't involve statistics from two different time periods, such as the past year and the year before the past year. Rather, they involve the same time period, "last year."
Thus, an increase in the proportion of subscribers under age 35 in the past year would have affected the survey and the tabulation equally.
So, the reason for the difference is not that there was such an increase over the past year.
Therefore, even if this choice is true, it still appears that the survey or the tabulation was inaccurate, and the argument still works.
Eliminate.
C. People might often identify merchandise they wish to purchase in magazine advertisements but then make the actual purchases in stores.
The argument is about percentages of people who "placed orders."
The survey indicated one thing about people who placed orders: "30 percent" were under 35
The tabulation indicated something different about people who placed orders: "most" were under 35.
So, the only category of people the argument is concerned with is people who placed orders.
Thus, this information indicating that some people may not place orders but rather make purchases in stores is completely irrelevant to this argument.
After all, information on people who make purchases in stores has no bearing on the proportion of people who placed orders who were under age 35. After all, regardless of how many people purchased in stores, the proportion of people who placed orders who were under 35 remains the same.
Eliminate.
D. The advertisements that appear in Systems might be designed primarily to be attractive to people under age 35.
This choice may explain why the tabulation found that most orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems were placed by people under 35: It's to those people the advertisements in system are designed to be attractive.
At the same time, we don't need such an explanation. We need information that highlights a flaw in the argument, and the fact that there's a logical explanation why most orders were placed by people under 35 doesn't highlight any flaw in the argument. Rather, that explanation tends to indicate that the tabulation may be accurate.
OK, so the tabulation may be accurate. In that case, what the survey results indicate may be inaccurate, in which case the argument works just fine, since the conclusion is that one or the other was inaccurate.
So, this choice doesn't highlight any flaw in the argument.
Eliminate.
E. Many people who place orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems might purchase the magazine at newsstands, not by subscription.
This choice is interesting.
As discussed above, the survey results involved "subscribers," and in contrast, the tabulation involved "people."
The support for the conclusion is that the statistic arrived at through the survey of "subscribers," 30 percent, does not match the statistic arrived at through the tabulation, "most," i.e., over 50 percent.
So, what if many "people" who placed orders in response to advertisements in Systems purchased the magazine at newsstands, not by subscription.
In that case, the number of "people" who ordered from the advertisers could have been different from the number of "subscribers" who ordered from advertisers. There could be many people who didn't subscribe but purchased the magazine and placed orders.
Thus, in that case, it could be that the reason why the survey indicated a proportion of orders placed by people under 35 different from what the tabulation indicated is not that one or the other was inaccurate bur rather than the two did not involve the same group of people.
In other words, it could be that the percentage of people under 35 in the group of "subscribers" who placed orders was smaller than the percentage of people under 35 in the group of "people" who placed orders and that that's the reason for the difference between the proportions indicated.
So, this choice highlights a flaw in the argument, which is that the argument assumes that the "subscribers" and the "people" were basically the same group.
Keep.
Correct answer: E
General Discussion
06 Oct 2024, 13:05
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