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Sajjad1994
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Would anyone explain why A is not correct? Thanks
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Sajjad1994
According to the school’s principal, no teacher refusing to participate in the afternoon conference was allowed to attend the buffet dinner immediately after the conference. Brett, who is one of the school’s teachers, is not the sort of person to refuse a buffet dinner; yet I’m certain Brett was not at the dinner. I can only conclude that Brett refused to participate in the conference.

Which of the following demonstrates a pattern of reasoning most like the flawed reasoning in the argument above?

(A) All attentive students are rewarded with high grades in school. Alan is not attentive as a student. Therefore, he will not be rewarded with high grades in school.

(B) Every person seated in the front row can hear the coach’s instructions to his players. Ursula can hear the coach’s instructions. Therefore, Ursula must be seated in the front row.

(C) Anyone who claims to have been abducted by aliens is either not being truthful or is mistaken about whether he or she has been abducted by aliens. Sandy is always truthful. Therefore, she has not been abducted by aliens.

(D) Every legislator is in favor of the bill. Martha is not in favor of the bill. Therefore, she must not be a legislator.

(E) This sculpture is either priceless or a worthless fake. This sculpture is not a worthless fake. Therefore, it is priceless.

Source: Master GMAT

So let's define the subjects:
A: no teacher refusing to participate in the afternoon conference
B: allowed to attend the buffet dinner
conculsion: I can only conclude that Brett refused to participate in the conference

So A causes B
since no B, therefore must be no A

(a)

A: All attentive students
B: rewarded with high grades in school

Not Alan is not A, so no B
wrong relation

(b)

A:Every person seated in the front row
B:can hear the coach’s instructions to his players

Ursula B, so that it must caused by A
Correct

(c)

A:Anyone who claims to have been abducted by aliens
B:either not being truthful or is mistaken about whether he or she has been abducted by aliens

Sandy is not B, so A
Wrong

(d)

A:Every legislator
B:in favor of the bill

Martha is not B, so must be not A
Wrong

(e)

A:This sculpture
B:either priceless or a worthless fake

Since it is not B, it is B.
wrong
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The flaw in the reasoning is that it confuses a necessary condition with a sufficient condition.

(A) All attentive students are rewarded with high grades. Alan is not attentive. Therefore, he will not get high grades.

This follows a valid logical structure. The reasoning is correct if attentiveness is a necessary condition. Not flawed.

(B) Everyone in the front row can hear the coach. Ursula can hear the coach. Therefore, Ursula must be in the front row.

This is a flawed argument because hearing the coach is a necessary condition for sitting in the front row, but the argument assumes it is the only condition. (Correct choice)

(C) Anyone claiming alien abduction is either lying or mistaken. Sandy is truthful. Therefore, she has not been abducted.

This is logically valid given the premises. Not flawed.

(D) Every legislator is in favor of the bill. Martha is not in favor. Therefore, she must not be a legislator.

This is valid reasoning. If all legislators favor the bill and Martha doesn’t, then she cannot be a legislator. Not flawed.

(E) The sculpture is either priceless or worthless. It is not worthless. Therefore, it is priceless.

This follows valid logic because it’s a strict either/or situation. Not flawed.
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