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Conclusion - The findings of the study clearly show that regular possession of a fire arm prompts police officers to disregard the use of less harmful alternatives such as tasers, CS spray etc

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the above argument?

We have to find an option in which there is no alternate cause and it is only the possession of arms that prompts the police officers to use fire arms rather than less harmful alternatives


(A) The unarmed police officers often undergo training programs related with sensitizing them towards people in general. Irrelevant. We have to find the prompt that leads the police officers to use fire arms

(B) In the cases considered, the overall level of danger involved to the unarmed police officers was relatively lower than the overall level of danger involved in cases in which the armed police officers used their fire-arms. Level of danger involved is irrelevant

(C) In most of the cases studied, the use of the fire-arms was not initiated by the suspects being chased by the armed police. Correct. Even if the police officers have not been instigated by the criminals, the police officers use fire arms . The only prompt is it’s possession. The police officers do not consider the less harmful alternatives.

(D) In many countries, the police officers work in teams of two and more often than not, one of the officers always carries a fire-arm. Irrelevant. Not concerned about other countries

(E) Studies show that in countries where the police forces are armed, the rate of death penalty is higher than in countries in which the police forces are unarmed irrelevant. Not concerned about death penalty
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tsraeroshad
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Can someone provide an official answer?
Not convinced with C
Answer: C. In most of the cases studied, the use of the fire-arms was not initiated by the suspects being chased by the armed police.

Explanation:

To determine which option most strengthens the argument that the regular possession of firearms by police prompts them to disregard less harmful alternatives, let’s analyze each option in the context of the argument.

Original Argument Summary:
Premise: Armed police shot significantly more suspects than unarmed police.
Conclusion: Possession of firearms leads police to disregard less harmful alternatives (tasers, CS spray, etc.).

Goal: Identify which option provides additional support to this conclusion.

Option Analysis:

A. The unarmed police officers often undergo training programs related with sensitizing them towards people in general.
Impact: Suggests that training, not merely the absence of firearms, leads to fewer shootings.
Effect on Argument: Weakens the argument by introducing an alternative factor influencing shooting rates.

B. In the cases considered, the overall level of danger involved to the unarmed police officers was relatively lower than the overall level of danger involved in cases in which the armed police officers used their fire-arms.
Impact: Implies that armed police face more dangerous situations, which could naturally lead to more shootings.
Effect on Argument: Weakens the argument by suggesting that the higher danger level, not firearm possession per se, accounts for more shootings.

C. In most of the cases studied, the use of the fire-arms was not initiated by the suspects being chased by the armed police.
Impact: Indicates that shootings were often not in direct response to suspect aggression or immediate threats.
Effect on Argument: Strengthens the argument by suggesting that firearms are used more liberally or unnecessarily, supporting the claim that possession leads to disregard for less harmful alternatives.

D. In many countries, the police officers work in teams of two and more often than not, one of the officers always carries a fire-arm.
Impact: Describes policing structure but doesn’t directly address the decision-making process regarding the use of force.
Effect on Argument: Neutral or Minimal Impact on the argument’s conclusion.

E. Studies show that in countries where the police forces are armed, the rate of death penalty is higher than in countries in which the police forces are unarmed.
Impact: Relates to broader criminal justice outcomes rather than specific behaviors in dispute resolution.
Effect on Argument: Minimal Impact as it doesn’t directly address the use of force alternatives in policing.

Conclusion:

Option C provides the most direct support to the argument by highlighting that firearms were often used in situations not initiated by suspect aggression. This suggests that the mere possession of firearms may lead police to use lethal force more readily, rather than reserving it for genuinely threatening situations. Therefore, it strengthens the argument that carrying firearms prompts disregard for less harmful alternatives.

Final Answer: C
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