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22 Jan 2020, 05:39
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Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
71% (02:20) correct
29%
(02:29)
wrong
based on 420
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Because some student demonstrations protesting his scheduled appearance have resulted in violence, the president of the Imperialist Society has been prevented from speaking about politics on campus by the dean of student affairs. Yet to deny anyone the unrestricted freedom to speak is to threaten everyone’s right to free expression. Hence the dean’s decision has threatened everyone’s right to free expression.
The pattern of reasoning displayed above is most closely paralleled in which one of the following?
(A) Dr. Pacheco saved a child’s life by performing emergency surgery. But surgery rarely involves any risk to the surgeon. Therefore, if an act is not heroic unless it requires the actor to take some risk, Dr. Pacheco’s surgery was not heroic.
(B) Because anyone who performs an act of heroism acts altruistically rather than selfishly, a society that rewards heroism encourages altruism rather than pure self-interest.
(C) In order to rescue a drowning child, Isabel jumped into a freezing river. Such acts of heroism performed to save the life of one enrich the lives of all. Hence, Isabel’s action enriched the lives of all.
(D) Fire fighters are often expected to perform heroically under harsh conditions. But no one is ever required to act heroically. Hence, fire fighters are often expected to perform actions they are not required to perform.
(E) Acts of extreme generosity are usually above and beyond the call of duty. Therefore, most acts of extreme generosity are heroic, since all actions that are above and beyond the call of duty are heroic.
The pattern of reasoning displayed above is most closely paralleled in which one of the following?
(A) Dr. Pacheco saved a child’s life by performing emergency surgery. But surgery rarely involves any risk to the surgeon. Therefore, if an act is not heroic unless it requires the actor to take some risk, Dr. Pacheco’s surgery was not heroic.
(B) Because anyone who performs an act of heroism acts altruistically rather than selfishly, a society that rewards heroism encourages altruism rather than pure self-interest.
(C) In order to rescue a drowning child, Isabel jumped into a freezing river. Such acts of heroism performed to save the life of one enrich the lives of all. Hence, Isabel’s action enriched the lives of all.
(D) Fire fighters are often expected to perform heroically under harsh conditions. But no one is ever required to act heroically. Hence, fire fighters are often expected to perform actions they are not required to perform.
(E) Acts of extreme generosity are usually above and beyond the call of duty. Therefore, most acts of extreme generosity are heroic, since all actions that are above and beyond the call of duty are heroic.
04 Feb 2020, 08:10
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Because some student demonstrations protesting his scheduled appearance have resulted in violence, the president of the Imperialist Society has been prevented from speaking about politics on campus by the dean of student affairs. Yet to deny anyone the unrestricted freedom to speak is to threaten everyone’s right to free expression. Hence the dean’s decision has threatened everyone’s right to free expression.
The pattern of reasoning displayed above is most closely paralleled in which one of the following? In method of reasoning questions we need to match the reasoning used in argument to reasoning in the options. If reasoning is flawed in the argument then we need to choose the option that presents the flaw as it is. Reasoning is someone caused violence on the campus, and thus he is barred from speaking. This barring is violation of his right to speak, and thus to everyone's right to speak.
(A) Dr. Pacheco saved a child’s life by performing emergency surgery. But surgery rarely involves any risk to the surgeon. Therefore, if an act is not heroic unless it requires the actor to take some risk, Dr. Pacheco’s surgery was not heroic. _ no this is not the reasoning used in the argument.
(B) Because anyone who performs an act of heroism acts altruistically rather than selfishly, a society that rewards heroism encourages altruism rather than pure self-interest. - No. This is not parallel to the reasoning in the argument. This says a hero acts altruistically, and society that rewards heroism encourages altruism.
(C) In order to rescue a drowning child, Isabel jumped into a freezing river. Such acts of heroism performed to save the life of one enrich the lives of all. Hence, Isabel’s action enriched the lives of all. - Yes, parallel is one to all line of reasoning, One's freedom is curbed so everyone's freedom is curbed, One's live is enriched so everyone's life is enriched. C is the answer.
(D) Fire fighters are often expected to perform heroically under harsh conditions. But no one is ever required to act heroically. Hence, fire fighters are often expected to perform actions they are not required to perform. - No. this is not the case.
(E) Acts of extreme generosity are usually above and beyond the call of duty. Therefore, most acts of extreme generosity are heroic, since all actions that are above and beyond the call of duty are heroic. - Again no, look at interplay of Most and all words. This is not what the argument says.
The pattern of reasoning displayed above is most closely paralleled in which one of the following? In method of reasoning questions we need to match the reasoning used in argument to reasoning in the options. If reasoning is flawed in the argument then we need to choose the option that presents the flaw as it is. Reasoning is someone caused violence on the campus, and thus he is barred from speaking. This barring is violation of his right to speak, and thus to everyone's right to speak.
(A) Dr. Pacheco saved a child’s life by performing emergency surgery. But surgery rarely involves any risk to the surgeon. Therefore, if an act is not heroic unless it requires the actor to take some risk, Dr. Pacheco’s surgery was not heroic. _ no this is not the reasoning used in the argument.
(B) Because anyone who performs an act of heroism acts altruistically rather than selfishly, a society that rewards heroism encourages altruism rather than pure self-interest. - No. This is not parallel to the reasoning in the argument. This says a hero acts altruistically, and society that rewards heroism encourages altruism.
(C) In order to rescue a drowning child, Isabel jumped into a freezing river. Such acts of heroism performed to save the life of one enrich the lives of all. Hence, Isabel’s action enriched the lives of all. - Yes, parallel is one to all line of reasoning, One's freedom is curbed so everyone's freedom is curbed, One's live is enriched so everyone's life is enriched. C is the answer.
(D) Fire fighters are often expected to perform heroically under harsh conditions. But no one is ever required to act heroically. Hence, fire fighters are often expected to perform actions they are not required to perform. - No. this is not the case.
(E) Acts of extreme generosity are usually above and beyond the call of duty. Therefore, most acts of extreme generosity are heroic, since all actions that are above and beyond the call of duty are heroic. - Again no, look at interplay of Most and all words. This is not what the argument says.
23 Jan 2021, 16:18
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In this stimulus, the author provides the following, valid conditional reasoning:
Because his appearances have led to violence, a certain speaker is prohibited from speaking about politics on campus, and any limitation on free speech, according to the author, threatens everyone's right to expression:
Violent past ----> Specific speech prohibited ----> limits on rts ---> threatens rts of all
In the answer choice which parallels this argumentation, we will most likely see a conditional relationship that ties treatment of one to ramifications for all.
Answer choice (A): This answer choice debates the heroism of a particular surgery, but lacks the single treatment leader to broader ramifications for all, so this answer choice is incorrect.
Answer choice (B): This answer choice links the treatment of particular types of behavior (heroism, self interest), but fails to introduce particular treatment in a single case and the broader ramifications, so this answer choice cannot be correct.
Answer choice (C): This is the correct answer choice. As predicted in our discussion above, this answer choice, although generally more optimistic than the argument found in the stimulus, nonetheless links treatment of one to more general effects for all, thereby paralleling the reasoning in the stimulus:
rescue ---> jump into river ---> act of heroism ---> enrich lives of all
Answer choice (D): This answer choice reflects valid logical reasoning, but again fails to reflect the notion of treatment of one and that treatment's more general ripple effects.
Answer choice (E): Like all of the other incorrect answer choices above, this choice fails to parallel the general notion reflected in the stimulus—that an individual case can have effects on everyone.
Because his appearances have led to violence, a certain speaker is prohibited from speaking about politics on campus, and any limitation on free speech, according to the author, threatens everyone's right to expression:
Violent past ----> Specific speech prohibited ----> limits on rts ---> threatens rts of all
In the answer choice which parallels this argumentation, we will most likely see a conditional relationship that ties treatment of one to ramifications for all.
Answer choice (A): This answer choice debates the heroism of a particular surgery, but lacks the single treatment leader to broader ramifications for all, so this answer choice is incorrect.
Answer choice (B): This answer choice links the treatment of particular types of behavior (heroism, self interest), but fails to introduce particular treatment in a single case and the broader ramifications, so this answer choice cannot be correct.
Answer choice (C): This is the correct answer choice. As predicted in our discussion above, this answer choice, although generally more optimistic than the argument found in the stimulus, nonetheless links treatment of one to more general effects for all, thereby paralleling the reasoning in the stimulus:
rescue ---> jump into river ---> act of heroism ---> enrich lives of all
Answer choice (D): This answer choice reflects valid logical reasoning, but again fails to reflect the notion of treatment of one and that treatment's more general ripple effects.
Answer choice (E): Like all of the other incorrect answer choices above, this choice fails to parallel the general notion reflected in the stimulus—that an individual case can have effects on everyone.
