By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, the recording indus

Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-

Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended core meaning of this sentence is that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who habitually copy and distribute digital music illegally.

Concepts tested here: Meaning + Tenses + Verb Forms + Idioms

• "way + of" and "way + to" are the correct, idiomatic constructions.
• “to + base form of verb” is the correct infinitive verb form construction, which is used as a noun, to show purpose/intent of an action, and to modify adjectives and verbs.
• The simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future.
• Habitual actions are best conveyed through the simple present tense.
• “while” is used for actions that take place simultaneously, irrespective of whether these actions are positive, negative, or neutral.

A: Correct. This answer choice avoids the pronoun error seen in Option C, as it does not employ a pronoun to refer to the noun phrase "recording industry associations". Further, Option A uses the phrase "that will protect", conveying the intended meaning - that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who habitually copy and distribute digital music illegally. Additionally, Option A correctly uses the simple present tense verbs "copy" and "distribute" to refer to habitual actions. Moreover, Option A correctly uses the simple future tense verb "will follow" to refer to an action that will take place in the future. Besides, Option A avoids the verb form error seen in Option B, as it does not employ the infinitive verb form. Additionally, Option A uses the idiomatic construction "way + of".

B: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "and to protect"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet and hope to ,as a separate action, protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who habitually copy and distribute digital music illegally; the intended meaning is that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who habitually copy and distribute digital music illegally. Further, Option B incorrectly uses the present participle ("verb+ing" - "copying" and "distributing" in this sentence) to refer to habitual actions; please remember, habitual actions are best conveyed through the simple present tense. Additionally, Option B fails to maintain an appropriate infinitive verb form construction, as it uses the present participle ("verb+ing" - "foiling" in this case) in place of the base form of the verb; please remember, “to + base form of verb” is the correct infinitive verb form construction.

C: This answer choice incorrectly refers to the plural noun phrase "recording industry associations" with the singular pronoun "it". Further, Option C alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "while it protects"; the use of "while" incorrectly implies that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet and simultaneously protect copyright holders and foils the many audio pirates who copy and distribute digital music illegally; the intended meaning is that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who habitually copy and distribute digital music illegally; please remember, “while” is used for actions that take place simultaneously. Additionally, Option C incorrectly uses the unidiomatic construction "way + for"; please remember, "way + of" and "way + to" are the correct, idiomatic constructions.

D: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "while they will"; the use of "while" incorrectly implies that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet and simultaneously they will protect copyright holders and foils the many audio pirates who copy and distribute digital music illegally; the intended meaning is that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who habitually copy and distribute digital music illegally; please remember, “while” is used for actions that take place simultaneously. Further, Option D incorrectly uses the present participle ("verb+ing" - "copying" and "distributing" in this sentence) to refer to habitual actions; please remember, habitual actions are best conveyed through the simple present tense.

E: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "and protect"; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet and will ,as a separate action, protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who habitually copy and distribute digital music illegally; the intended meaning is that the recording industry associations hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who habitually copy and distribute digital music illegally. Further, Option E incorrectly uses the present participle ("verb+ing" - "foiling" in this case) to refer to an action that will take place in the future; please remember, the simple future tense is used to refer to actions that will take place in the future.

Hence, A is the best answer choice.

To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):



All the best!
Experts' Global Team

A is correct , that correctly introduces the clause "will protect".
B - and to protect : not PARALLEL and foiling - incorrect verb tense.
C,D,E - unclear whether the recording industry, standardization or internet protects copyrights and prevents privacy..they,it...pronouns with no clear antecedent.

What is the referent for "that" is it ---> standardized way?

Can someone explain errors in the answer choices. Thanks!

By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, the recording industry associations of North America, Japan, and Europe hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who copy and distribute digital music illegally.

(A) of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who copy and distribute==>CORRECT
THAT -= STANDARDIZED WAY
(B) of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet and to protect copyright holders and foiling the many audio pirates copying and distributing
WRONG.
TO CREATE.....AND TO PROTECT.....AND FOILING ===>Not a correct way to make parallel.
moreover meaning is distorted.
(C) for distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet while it protects copyright holders and foils the many audio pirates who copy and distribute
WRONG.
-WAY FOR DISTRIBUTING ==wrong idiom...correct idiom is WAY OF ...
-WHILE changes the meaning.
(D) to distribute songs and full-length recordings on the Internet while they will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates copying and distributing
WRONG.
-TO DISTRIBUTE ==>means that standardized way's sole purpose was to distribute==>thus wrong.
-WHILE==>changes the meaning
-THEY ==>PRONOUN number error as STANDARDIZED WAY = SINGULAR
(E) to distribute songs and full-length recordings on the Internet and it will protect copyright holders and foiling the many audio pirates who copy and distribute
WRONG.
-USE OF TO is wrong same as D
-USE OF IT ==>redundant
-AND FOILING breaks the paralllelism.

hope it helps

daagh what does "THAT" refer to in option A?

I was caught up between A, B and C. But ended up choosing C.

Hi rekhabishop, taking it up on behalf of daagh Sir.

that exhibits quite flexibility in terms of what it can modify.

In this case, that will modify a standardized way.

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses modification issue of that, its application and examples in significant detail. If someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.

I am not quite convinced. It looks ambiguous to me. How can we be certain in such cases? Regarding "that" or "they" or "this" or "it".

Hi rekhabishop, this usage of that (as a relative pronoun) is used extensively by GMAT.

In fact, there are numerous such usages of that in officially correct answer choices, and it is important for test-takes to understand this usage.

Following are few examples of officially correct sentences:

Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

- that is modifying tool in the above sentence.

Out of America's fascination with all things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

- that is modifying market in the above sentence.

Under a provision of the Constitution that has never been applied, Congress is required to call a convention to consider possible amendments to the document when formally asked to do so by the legislatures of two-thirds of the states.

- that is modifying provision in the above sentence.

A: 'that will protect....' modifier modifies Internet instead of 'standard ways'
B: is correct. Usage of ' to protect' showing purpose of d action; Meaning wise and grammatically correct.
C: incorrect IT usage
D: While is 'parallel action in d same time' indicating keyword. And actions before nd after while-word isn't time-parallel. Grammatically correct but not intended meaning is eluded.
E:same as c

Sent from my Redmi 5 Plus using GMAT Club Forum mobile app

(A) of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who copy and distribute - Correct. Here 'that' refers to 'a standardized way'. In this case, 'that' jumps over the prepositional phrase 'of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet' and modifies 'standardized way'

(B) of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet and to protect copyright holders and foiling the many audio pirates copying and distributing - Parallelism error. 'to create' and 'to protect' are parallel, but what is 'foiling' and 'distributing' parallel to?

(C) for distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet while it protects copyright holders and foils the many audio pirates who copy and distribute - Meaning shift.

(D) to distribute songs and full-length recordings on the Internet while they will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates copying and distributing - Meaning shift + Pronoun error

(E) to distribute songs and full-length recordings on the Internet and it will protect copyright holders and foiling the many audio pirates who copy and distribute - Parallelism error.

Answer: A

Hey

Not sure but do you foil an action noun or do foil a person ?

foil a robbery sounds fine
foil an attempt sounds fine
foil piracy sounds fine
foil a pirate who xyz doesn't seem right to me.

This very concept was tested coincidentally in a question I just answered before
One of Ronald Reagan’s first acts as President was to rescind President Carter’s directive that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries.

Here this is choice A and you can't prohibit a chemical but you can prohibit sales of the chemical.

Can any expert throw light ?

Can someone please advise on when you would use "to distribute" vs "of distributing"?

Agreed @kagrawal16; doesn't sound right. Though technically speaking foil means prevent from succeeding and so can be applied to pirates.

More importantly, all the five choices use the same construct and hence, this not something we should worry about.


Not sure I understand your point here. The directive was:

any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries.

By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, the recording industry associations of North America, Japan, and Europe hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who copy and distribute digital music illegally.


(A) of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who copy and distribute


What "that" is referring to in correct option, Isn't "that" referring to internet, by touch down rule. If it is so then "internet" is not protecting the copyright holders whereas the whole preceding clause "By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, the recording industry associations of North America, Japan, and Europe hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet" is protecting the copyright holders

Hi vipulgoel, the pronoun that is referring to standardized way here, because this is what makes sense! In fact there are umpteen instances in officially correct answer choices, where that is modifying far-away nouns (the rules are slightly more strict for which).

For example:

Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.
- that modifies tool

The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
- that modifies emotional reactions

p.s. Our book EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses modifier issues of "that", its application and examples in significant detail. If you or someone is interested, PM me your email-id; I can mail the corresponding section.

By developing the Secure Digital Music Initiative, the recording industry associations of North America, Japan, and Europe hope to create a standardized way of distributing songs and full-length recordings on the Internet that will protect copyright holders and foil the many audio pirates who copy and distribute digital music illegally.


SV agreement is good.
of dist... is a correct pronoun
protect || foil.
Hold A


protect not parallel to foiling
B out.


for is incorrect idiom
C is out


they is ambiguous. they will protect?? who will protect?
Songs will protect??
Assosiations will protect?


and it will protect seems parallel to distribute
Again that too is incorrect.

Aside:
of vs for:
of - used when the main noun is part of the noun in the prepositional phrase
ex: the students of XYZ school are smart.
here, students are part of XYZ. An integral part
crocodiles of the Nile are giant.

for - designed specifically for XYZ. the noun before XYZ is not an integral part of XYZ but fitted in a manner that it seems to be part of xyz
ex: Dr. recommended abc drug for amy.

Hi AndrewN AjiteshArun
Above posts mentioned that they refer to the recording industry associations( in line with my thoughts).
But why can't the recording industry associations CAN NOT DO ACTION of protecting copyright holders and foiling the many audio pirates?
I usually heard , government protects rights of citizens, ( of course government does with some system or way); Banks protect money of their account holders ( of course it is done through some system or way)
That's why I shortlisted A and D for my final selection.

Please share your thoughts. I believe I am not wrong in this aspect.

other queries: Is there any other error in D except "they" that can be considered to eliminate D?
3. I don't think if new option ( here D, C or E) introduces pronoun then there are high chances that new option can not be the right answer.

Thanks !