Imagine I ask you the question :
What is the number of ways you can arrange A balls, each of different color in a row ?The answer would be \(A!\)
Now I modify that question :
What is the number of ways you can arrange A balls, of which B are are blue, C are red, D are green and the rest are of different but unique colors ?The answer would now be \(\frac{A!}{B!C!D!}\)
Now I modify it further :
What is the number of ways you can arrange A balls, of which there are x subsets each consisting B balls each such that each subset consists of balls of a different shade of blue, and all other balls not included in these subsets are of unique colors ?The answer would now be \(\frac{A!}{B!^x}\). Notice that A has to be greater than or equal to xB
Finally I modify it a bit more :
What is the number of ways you can arrange A balls, of which there are x subsets each consisting B balls each, y subsets of C balls each, z subsets of D balls each, such that each subset consists of a unique color of balls. And the rest of the set of balls are distinct from all other balls ?The answer would now be \(\frac{A!}{B!^xC!^yD!^z}\). Notice that A has to be greater than or equal to xB+yC+zD
Essentially what I am getting at is that the expression shown above is the answer to a combinatorial problem. And since the answer to a combinatorial problem is a "number of ways", such an expression always has to be an integer.