Critic: Historians purport to discover the patterns inherent in the course of events. But historians actually impose, rather than find, such patterns by choosing what to include in and exclude from their historical narratives. Thus, properly understood, histories reveal more about the presuppositions underlying different historians' attempts to understand what happened than about what actually happened.
The critic's argument depends on which one of the following assumptions?The critic argues that historians impose patterns on events by selecting what to include and exclude. From this, the critic concludes that histories reveal more about the historians’ presuppositions than about the events themselves.
The missing link is that the patterns historians impose are shaped by their
presuppositions.
(A) Historians have many presuppositions in common with one another.
Wrong. The argument does not need historians to share presuppositions. It is about how each historian’s presuppositions shape that historian’s narrative.
(B) There is no way to determine with certainty whether a pattern described by a historian is actually present in and not merely imposed upon the events.
Wrong. The critic does not need to assume certainty is impossible. The argument is about what histories reveal, not whether we can ever test historical patterns with certainty.
(C) Historians presuppose that certain historical patterns accurately describe many different eras.
Wrong. The argument does not require historians to apply the same patterns across many eras.
(D) Most historians cannot become aware of the presuppositions that they bring to their narratives.
Wrong. Even if historians are aware of their presuppositions, their narratives could still reveal those presuppositions.
(E) Which pattern a historian imposes upon events is affected by that historian's presuppositions.
Correct. If historians impose patterns, and those imposed patterns are affected by their presuppositions, then histories can reveal more about those presuppositions than about what actually happened. This is the assumption that connects the evidence to the conclusion.
Answer: (E)