Doubt in Noun+Verb, Verb-ing modifier

Question

Doubt:
(Noun+Verb,Verb-ing) modify verb or noun? Some people say it modify Noun while some say it modify verb and gives Cause and Effect Relationship.

It would be really helpful if someone can clear my doubt.
Thank you

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pintukr · Answer

Verb+ing form, wnen used as a modifier, provides cause-and-effect relationship vis-a-vis the immediately preceding Clause.

Kushchokhani · Answer

12922

verb-ing preceded by a comma modifies the preceding clause- it may either give cause and effect relationship or provide additional explanation to the preceding clause by answering the ques "How"
verb-ing not preceded by a comma modifies the preceding noun

Please refer  this link  for detailed conceptual clarity

Braintree · Answer

A verb-ing modifiers at the end of a clause, separated with a comma modifies the entire clause (not the closest noun). It need not be a "cause and effect" relationship, but, needs to make sense with the subject and the verb of the preceding clause. It could give additional clarity or information on HOW the subject was performing the main verb in the clause. The subject of the preceding clause is always the doer of the verb-ing modifier, and the verb-ing modifier takes on the same time-frame of the main verb of the preceding clause.

The one exception that I know of where a verb-ing word, at the end of a clause, and separated by a comma, may modify the immediately preceding noun is the word "including". (though I'm not sure how important this exception is).

bt

Kushchokhani · Answer

I don't think so this is an exception. I think you are referring to  this ques . Please refer  this post  that explains that this is not an exception but just because we used modifiers before "including", it seems to be an exception.

gmatophobia · Answer

Kushchokhani I believe you misunderstood the context in which Braintree made the statement. This usage that he* referenced in his statement is in situations when the word "including" is separated by comma and is used to provide examples for a preceding noun. Ex . Most MBA colleges offer a variety of electives, including Finance, Marketing and Leadership. Here "including" though separated by comma modifies electives and gives examples for electives. However, this is not always the case (and the use of "may" in his statement justifies the next example) . (it's said - "there are very few rules in the world of Verbal"

) Ex . Most MBA colleges offer a variety of electives for its students, including Finance, Marketing and Leadership . In this case the word "including", still separated by comma, modifies electives and not students, the immediate preceding noun. * - Gender Neutral Pronoun

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Doubt in Noun+Verb, Verb-ing modifier

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