For new restaurant managers, a number of organizations offer food-safety certification courses. Although people can manage a restaurant without having taken such a course, the courses are effective in promoting safe food-handling practices. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by the fact that about a third of restaurant managers have taken such a course; only eight percent of restaurants cited for serious health-code violations are managed by someone who has done so.Conclusion of the argument:
the courses are effective in promoting safe food-handling practices Support for the conclusion:
about a third of restaurant managers have taken such a course; only eight percent of restaurants cited for serious health-code violations are managed by someone who has done so We see that the reasoning of the argument is basically that, since only a small percentage of restaurants cited for serious health-code violations are managed by someone who has taken a safety certification course, the courses are effective in promoting safe practices.
So, there is a negative correlation between managers' taking the course and violations.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the force of the support offered for the effectiveness of the courses?The correct answer to this Strengthen question will help the evidence to support the conclusion.
A. It is more difficult to maintain food safety in large restaurants than in small ones.This comparative information has no effect on the strength of the argument since the argument does not connect frequency of violations with restaurant size.
Eliminate.
B. New restaurant managers who are most likely to take a food-safety course are those who already have several years of experience working in restaurants.This choice weakens, rather than strengthens, the case for the conclusion.
After all, if managers most likely to take a safety course are those who already have several years of experience, then it could be that the reason why restaurants managed by these people tend not to be cited is not that the courses are effective but, rather, that the managers are experienced.
So, this choice undermines the support for the conclusion by indicating that there could be another cause for the observed pattern.
Eliminate.
C. The various food-safety courses that are available differ considerably in both the material they cover and the amount of hands-on training they require.This fact that the courses differ doesn't mean that they are effective.
Eliminate.
D. Most serious health-code violations involve improper food storage rather than poor cooking techniques.A restaurant manager would presumably oversee both food storage and cooking.
So, this information doesn't indicate one way or the other whether the courses are effective.
Eliminate.
E. In terms of hours worked per week and number of meals served annually, managers who have taken a food-safety course are no different from those who have not.This choice is interesting.
After all, it removes other variables that could affect the number of heath-code violations a restaurant is cited for, the number of hours a manager works and the volume of meals served by a restaurant.
So, this choice indicates that, with other variables controlled for, restaurants whose managers have taken a course still tend to be cited less.
Thus, this choice helps to confirm that the courses are effective by eliminating the possibility that a different cause could be responsible for the observed pattern.
Keep.
Correct answer: E