For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or

Question

For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges. At the same time, relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid, such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students. It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.

The conclusion above depends on which of the following assumptions?

A. Public non-profit colleges and private non-profit colleges enroll a similar proportion of financially disadvantaged students.

B. For-profit colleges do not engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid.

C. The number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges is greater than the number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at non-profit colleges.

D. For-profit colleges are of similar educational quality as non-profit colleges.

E. The majority of students at for-profit colleges do not default on repayment of their loans after they complete college.

mrsmarthi · Accepted Answer

Here is how I tried solving it.

Conclusion of the argument -  It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.

The conclusion is made based on facts provided between For-profit colleges and Non-profit colleges. Following are the facts that were provided.

1) For-profit colleges have fewer students then Non-profit colleges. 
2) For-profit colleges receive more money in the form of federal and state financial aid.

Based on the above facts the argument is concluded as “For-profit colleges enroll more students who are financially weak than non-profit colleges do.

For assumptions questions, one trick is the answer should tie together the facts stated and the conclusion.

Fewer students, more aid --> more students who are financially week.

Now look at the ans choices.

1. The argument is comparing the For-Profit and Non-profit colleges. Not the public and private colleges. Rule this option out. 
2. This is in some way tying all the pieces in the argument (atleast you are seeing all the critical words – aid, students…..possible ans. 
3. This is also in some way tying all the pieces of the argument (key words being students, aid.). But the problem with this choice is that it is restating the conclusion. Students from for-profit colleges who are receiving aid is greater than students from non-profit colleges. So rule out this option also.   An assumption cannot restate the conclusion.   
4. Educational quality is of no relevance with the conclusion. Rule out this option. 
5. Students defaulting their loans after the completion of the college is not relevant to the conclusion. Rule out this option.

So my ans will be B.

Economist · Answer

+1 for B.
Negate B: If for-profit schools engage in frauds by getting unneeded aid, then the conclusion that proportion of disadvantaged students is more falls apart, because, the aid is not proportional to the actual number of students.

Bunuel · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:

The argument concludes that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges. This conclusion is based on the fact that students at for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid. The argument assumes a link between the proportion of aid received and the proportion of financially disadvantaged students enrolled. In so doing, it assumes that there are not other possible reasons for the disproportionate aid distribution.

(A) The conclusion makes a claim about the differences between for-profit and non-profit colleges. Differences among non-profit colleges – such as public vs. private – are irrelevant to the argument.

(B) CORRECT.  One alternative reason that might explain the disproportionate aid distribution is that for-profit colleges engaged in fraudulent practices to obtain unneeded financial assistance for their students. If this were true, then much of the aid was distributed based not on the actual financial situation of the students but on the ability of colleges to defraud federal and state governments. This answer choice asserts that this was NOT in fact the case, thereby eliminating this alternative explanation and highlighting a key assumption upon which the argument rests.

(C) The argument's claim is centered on proportions. The actual number of students receiving aid at for-profit vs. non-profit colleges is irrelevant to the conclusion.

(D) The relative educational quality of for-profit vs. non-profit colleges lies outside the scope of the argument, which is focused solely on differences in financial aid distribution.

(E) The issue addressed by the argument is the amount of financial aid distributed to students at two types of institutions. Whether students successfully repay their loans after college is immaterial to the claim made in the argument.

bhatia_ash2002 · Answer

Dont you think this is a classic proportion question? The answer should be A. If the proportion of financially disadvantaged students is the same, and for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid, for their students, it would mean, that for-profit colleges should enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges, which is the conclusion.

So, should'nt A be the assumption on which the conclusion is based.

divineacclivity · Answer

I was confused between B and D and finally chose D for the reason: incase the quality of education in for-profit colleges is better, the bigger chunk of grant is anyways justified, so,  enrolling a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students...  becomes unnecessary to justify higher grants.
So, the author must be assuming that the quality of education must be the same.
Could experts please help negate option D? Many thanks.

- DA

EliLTG · Answer

Hi DA,

I think there is a little confusion about tuition grants! Grants in this context aren't like research grants, where they are based on the merit of the work being done. Rather, tuition grants are a specific type of "financial aid," which is generally reserved for financially struggling students.

Does that help clarify?

IshanVirdhi · Answer

Hi Experts,

Please share your thoughts on the quality of the question.

I marked B because that seemed like the best option to go with. However, Whether For profit college obtain funds in a fraudulent way or not has no bearing to the proportion of students who are at a financial disadvantage. It is a college's decision to use which method seems likely to get funds.

neetis5 · Answer

Hi Ishan, Please do read choice B one more time. B. For-profit colleges do not engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid. If the funds are actually NOT needed by the students of these colleges, then can the author conclude that these students are from financially poor backgrounds? The answer is NO, right? So, basically choice B tries to defend the argument against a situation that could break it. Hope this helps!

Cheers!

anairamitch1804 · Answer

Conclusion:- “for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.”
Negating answer choice B:-
“For-profit colleges do not engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid”.
As colleges are getting engaged in fraudulent practices to get financial aid this concludes that students are not financially disadvantaged contradicting the conclusion. Hence choice B is correct.

sidagar · Answer

still have doubts about option c. 
argument say for -profit sever far fewer students - suppose 10 vs 20 ( not for profit)
option c says: students receiving aid are more in for profit - suppose 5 vs 2( not for profit).We can conclude 5/10 > 2/20 i.e proportion is more for- profit than for non-profit
kindly clear where i am going wrong

DmitryFarberMPrep · Answer

sidagar  You're right that C strengthens the argument, but that's not what we're looking for. We're looking for an assumption, which means a missing piece that is  required  for the argument to work.

As a side note, notice that even with C inserted, the argument is still making the assumption described in B. We don't know whether a larger proportion of students  receiving  aid indicates that more students in those schools actually  need  aid.

shrgmat · Answer

What's the source of this question? This doesn't look like OG qn to me. It is a bad question. One problem is this - at no point does the argument say that disproportionate mean more (no disproportionately large in the prompt).

At the same time, relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a  disproportionate  share of federal and state financial aid, such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students.

vusal808 · Answer

For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges. At the same time, relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid, such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students. It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges.

The conclusion above depends on which of the following assumptions?

A. Public non-profit colleges and private non-profit colleges enroll a similar proportion of financially disadvantaged students.

B. For-profit colleges do not engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid.

C. The number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges is greater than the number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at non-profit colleges.

D. For-profit colleges are of similar educational quality as non-profit colleges.

E. The majority of students at for-profit colleges do not default on repayment of their loans after they complete college.

Hi all! So I was stuck between B and C. Eventually picked C. Since, the conclusion "It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges." cares about the number of the students, it must be true that the number of students who receives financial aid in for-profit colleges is greater than other colleges. Otherwise, the conclusion would not work out right? I know OA is B. But can someone please elaborate on why B is correct? I mean, when I negate answer B, I get that "ok, even if for-profit colleges involve in a fraudulent way of obtaining the funding, does that really break the conclusion? Say, even if these for-profit colleges obtain illegal funding for 2-3 students, there is a chance that there are still students who are not in a position to pay their tuition fees so that funding is obtained for them". And in conclusion, I eliminate B. So that's basically my thought process. If someone could help or correct me, I'd be more than grateful. Many thanks in advance.

ABHRAJIT · Answer

According to the argument, for- profit colleges serve 'far fewer' students ; so let's say 
total students in for- profit = 20
for profit financial aid students = 5
total students in non- profit = 100
non profit financial aid students = 10
So, 5/20 = 25% which is greater than 10/100 = 10%, so even if C is negated, the conclusion still holds.

According to B, if for profit engage in fraudulent practices , then the number of financial aid students in for profit would be much less than what they are showing, and thus the conclusion would not hold. You are making a mistake by considering that they are obtaining illegal funding for only 2-3 students but that's not the case. According to B, they 'do not engage' means they are not helping the students in general obtain funds illegally so if you negate the statement, they are helping the students in general to obtain the funds illegally, and not just a small minority.

SudhanshuC · Answer

Answer B 
 
 Greater share in financial aid for-profit college — Greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students for-profit college

Negate B  
 
 For-profit colleges engage in fraudulent practices to obtain UNNEEDED aid.

If the aid is unneeded (not required) and college is still availing it via fraudulent means, then the aid is taken for those students who are not-disadvantaged.

Hence, there are MORE not-disadvantaged / financially able students compared to what is claimed in the conclusion. This destroys the conclusion.

A - Wrong 
 For-profit colleges enroll more proportion of students than non-profit colleges. What is the proportion within non-profit colleges is irrelevant.

C - Wrong 
 Since proportion (of students) is being talked about, hence, the number of students is incorrect. 
 We can view this point as each disadvantaged-student may require a different amount of financial help and even if students requiring aid are less in number in for-profit college, they may each require a greater amount compared to students in non-profit college. 
 Hence, the total funds allotted to for-profit colleges is greater compared to non-profit colleges.

D - Wrong 
 Educational quality is not related to financial aid or financially disadvantaged student’s proportion.

E - Wrong 
 The argument is about aid being granted to students and is not related to aid being repaid by the students in future.

MS26 · Answer

Here we have two groups profit colleges and non-profit college (public or private) and given profit college have fewer student than non-profit college, additionally profit college gets by whatever means "disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid for their students", based upon this the author concludes " for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges"
The  gap  here is that " these students (financially disadvantaged) should be getting the financial aid which the profit college draw "
The option choices state 
A: Public non-profit colleges and private non-profit colleges enroll a similar proportion of financially disadvantaged students "  this goes against the fact about the two college group(wrong) " 
B: For-profit colleges do not engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid (  this is what the logical gap between conclusion and the premise suggest and this has to be true for conclusion to hold true ) 
C: This option sets out a nice trap in terms of no. ("  we cannot assume that the no. is high all we know that the profit group has fewer students  ")
D:   Quality is not the point  
E: default on repayment, "  This is not discussed  "

For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or

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For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or

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