Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteri

1. Which of the following is the most likely topic of the passage?
The whole passage is focused on explaining the photosynthesis process. So the most likely topic should be option D.
A) The benefits of photosynthesis for the environment
Option A is incorrect because the benefits of photosynthesis has been described only in the third paragraph and it is clearly not the focus of the passage.

B) The differences between light-dependent and light-independent reactions
The second paragraph explains both the stages in photosynthesis process, however, they are provided to explain how the photosynthesis process occurs. Option B is not the focus of the entire paragraph.

C) The role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis
Again, the role of chloroplasts is not the focus of the passage.

D) The process of converting light energy into chemical energy
This is the definition of Photosynthesis process, which is the focus of the passage. Hence, option D is correct.

E) The importance of photosynthesis for the survival of plants
Again, this has been mentioned in the last paragraph but it is in not the focus of the passage.

2. Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage?
A) Photosynthesis only occurs in plants.
Not true. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae and some bacteria.

B) The light-dependent reactions produce glucose.
Not true. Glucose is produced in light-independent reaction stage.

C) Oxygen is a byproduct of the light-independent reactions.
No information is present in the passage to determine whether oxygen is a byproduct of the light dependent stage or the light-independent reactions stage. It is only mentioned that oxygen is produced during the photosynthesis process.

D) The Calvin cycle requires energy from ATP and NADPH.
Correct. The last line of second paragraph clearly mentions that the Calvin cycle requires energy from ATP and NADPH.

E) Chloroplasts are found in all types of cells.
The chloroplasts are present in the leaves of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Definitely they are not present in all types of cells.

3. Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

A) Photosynthesis has no impact on the ecosystem beyond providing food for plants.
Not true. Photosynthesis process is a critical process for the survival of plants and it has important implications for the rest of the ecosystem. It is also the source of oxygen and organic matter.

B) The light-independent reactions are more important than the light-dependent reactions.
No evidence is present in the passage to evaluate this option.

C) The oxygen produced during photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth.
True. The last paragraph highlights that oxygen is a vital component of Earth and it is used by animals and other organisms for respiration. So the author agrees with option C.

D) Chlorophyll is the only pigment involved in photosynthesis.
the first sentence of second paragraph clearly mentions that chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts absorb the light energy.

E) The Calvin cycle is an inefficient process that wastes energy.
Not true. No evidence is given in the passage to show that the Calvin cycle is an inefficient process that wastes energy. It is only mentioned that the Calvin cycle requires energy from ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

4. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the light-dependent reactions?
A) They occur in the Calvin cycle.
Not true. The Calvin cycle is part of light-independent stage of Photosynthesis process.

B) They produce glucose.
Not true. Glucose is produced in the light-dependent stage of Photosynthesis process.

C) They are the primary source of organic matter for many organisms.
Photosynthesis process as a whole is the primary source of organic matter for many organisms not just the light-dependent reactions.

D) They involve the generation of ATP and NADPH.
Correct. The light-dependent stage of Photosynthesis process involves – absorption of light energy by chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts, which causes electrons to become excited and enter a series of reactions that result in the generation of ATP and NADPH.

E) They do not require energy from sunlight.
Incorrect. The light-dependent stage of Photosynthesis process involves – absorption of light energy by chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts.