Step 1 of the Kaplan method: Analyze the question stem. Identify any rules, then figure out what the question is asking for and what other information could give you that solution.
Here, we are asked "Is F > J?" A relatively straightforward question. We know we can solve this problem with the values of F and J, or a ratio thereof. We also know that the number of students doing both is 4% of the French students, so let's write out B = (0.04)F.
Step 2 of the Kaplan method: Analyze each statement separately.
We look at the first one and rephrase is mathematically: B = 16. This let's us solve for F, but leaves us completely in the dark for J. Insufficient.
Forgetting that we've solved 1, putting the solution out of out minds, we move to statement 2. Here, we know that 10% of Japanese students also take French. Again, we translate into a mathematical expression. (.1)J = B. Combining this with the question stem, we get:
(.1) J = B = (.04) F
(.1) J = (.04) F
.1/.04 = F/J
10/4 = F/J
Since we were looking for the ratio of F to J to answer which was greater, and we HAVE a ratio, we know that B is sufficient.
Step 3 of the Kaplan method: Combine if Necessary.
It isn't necessary to combine, so we're done here. Bubble in choice B and move on!