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The answer is D.

At the monthly board discussion, board members watched a presentation on the several business challenges facing the enterprise, including among them the threat from a competitor’s trillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales for the enterprise’s latest phone.


A. including among them the threat from a competitor’s trillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales for

-> Use of “,including” is worng. «comma+including» is not closing participle phrase. In «S+V+O, including ~», “including~” always modifies a noun entity. In this sentence, it modifies “the several business challenges facing the enterprise”. So it’s not wrong. But I point it out for myself to remind this issue again. ?
-> Use of “them” is ok. “them” can refer both animate and inanimate.

-> “Threat from sth” is worse. “Threat of sth” is better.
-> “the sales for sth” is awkward. “the sales of sth” is better.


B. which includes the threat of a competitor’s trillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and declining sales

-> “comma+which ~ ” modifies “the several business challenges facing the enterprise.” Not the best way to modify “challenges”, but can’t tell it wrong.
-> SV agreement issue. The verb of relative pronoun clause “comma+which” does not agree with its subject “challenges”.
-> Meaning of “declining sales the enterprise’s latest phone” bizarre.


C. included among them the threat from a competitor’s trillion-dollar patent-infringement suit as well as a decline in sales for

-> “comma+included” is closing participle phrase. When past participle is used as closing participle phrase, it modifies noun entity. Here, it modifies “ the several business challenges facing the enterprise.”, and it is not worng.
-> Use of “them” is ok. “them” can refer both animate and inanimate.

-> “Threat from sth” is worse. “Threat of sth” is better.
-> “a decline for sth” is awkward. “a decline of sth” is better.


D. among them the threat of a competitor’s trillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of

-> Usage of “them” is ok. “them” can refer both animate and inanimate.
-> Parallelism is ok “noun and noun”
-> “threat of sth” is better
-> “the decline of” is ok


E. among these the threat from a competitor’s trillion-dollar patent-infringement suit as well as the decline in sales for

-> Use of “these” is incorrect. “these” can not stand all alone, because it is demonstrative pronoun.
-> “Threat from sth” is worse. “Threat of sth” is better.
-> “a decline for sth” is awkward. “a decline of sth” is better.




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