The table provides select information for buildings designed to Risk Category (RC) II seismic design requirements functioning as tsunami refuges of last resort on the U.S. Pacific Coast. Equivalence between seismic capacity and the demand associated with tsunami inundation depth at a given location is termed the parity height. The maximum inundation depth is based on the tsunami hazard at the site, and the threshold height is the height of the building needed to provide adequate freeboard above inundation. In any given community, existing buildings that are taller than the required threshold height might be considered for vertical evacuation refuge. Locations in the table where the parity height is less than the threshold height are locations where taller existing buildings would be expected to be adequate for the loads associated with the anticipated tsunami inundation depth. At locations of extreme tsunami loading, RC II buildings are not recommended as refuges of last resort.
The table provides information about buildings designed to meet Risk Category (RC) II seismic design requirements, which may serve as tsunami refuges of last resort along the U.S. Pacific Coast.
• The parity height refers to the height at which a building’s seismic capacity matches the pressure from tsunami inundation at a specific location.
• The maximum inundation depth represents the expected water depth during a tsunami.
• The threshold height is the minimum building height needed to ensure safety by providing adequate freeboard above the water level.
In any community, existing buildings taller than the required threshold height may be considered suitable for use as vertical evacuation shelters during a tsunami. In locations where the parity height is lower than the threshold height, taller buildings are generally expected to withstand the pressure from the expected tsunami water depth. However, in areas with extreme tsunami forces, RC II buildings are not recommended as refuges of last resort.
[th rowspan="4" ]City[/th] [th rowspan="4"]State[/th] [th rowspan="4"]Maximum Inundation Depth (ft)[/th] [th colspan="2" rowspan="2"]Parity Height between Tsunami Load & Seismic Capacity (ft)[/th] [th rowspan="4" ]Threshold Height for RC II Buildings[/th] [th rowspan="4"]Extreme Tsunami Loading Location[/th]
[th rowspan="2"]Steel Moment Frame[/th] [th rowspan="2"]Concrete Shear Wall[/th]
| Crescent City | CA | 19 | 15 | 15 | 35 | No |
| Cannon Beach | OR | 57 | > 85 | > 85 | 70 | No |
| Eureka | CA | 14 | < 10 | < 10 | 30 | No |
| Haleiwa | HI | 61 | > 85 | > 85 | 75 | Yes |
| Hilo | HI | 72 | > 85 | > 85 | 85 | Yes |
| Honolulu | HI | 24 | 35 | 20 | 40 | No |
| Kahului | HI | 60 | > 85 | > 85 | 75 | Yes |
| Long Beach | WA | 47 | > 85 | 85 | 60 | No |
| Newport | OR | 18 | 15 | 15 | 30 | No |
| Ocean Shores | WA | 14 | 20 | 20 | 30 | No |
| Port Hueneme | CA | 5 | < 10 | < 10 | 25 | No |
| Santa Cruz | CA | 14 | < 10 | < 10 | 30 | No |
| Seaside | OR | 40 | 60 | 60 | 55 | No |
| Seattle | WA | 20 | 20 | 20 | 35 | No |
For each of the following RC II existing building descriptions,
Sufficient if the described building would be an acceptable tsunami refuge of last resort based on the information provided. Otherwise, select
Not sufficient.
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Official Answer
A 75-foot building in Cannon Beach, OR: Not sufficient
A 35-foot building in Newport, OR: Sufficient
A 90-foot building in Haleiwa, HI: Not sufficient