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Apr 2808:00 AM PDT
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12 Mar 2026, 07:44
Kudos
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A team of researchers used eye tracking to measure how long participants took to read a single animal-related word—either the name of an animal (e.g., cat, dog, horse, bird) or its characteristic sound (e.g., meow, bark, whinny, chirp)—within each of several sentences displayed on a screen, one sentence at a time. Each sentence was accompanied by one of the following four types of audio tracks:
• Matched audio (e.g., the sound of a dog barking for a sentence containing “dog” or “bark”)
• Mismatched audio (e.g., the sound of a bird chirping for a sentence containing “cat” or “meow”)
• Unrelated audio (e.g., the sound of a car horn for a sentence containing “horse” or “whinny”)
• Silence
• Matched audio (e.g., the sound of a dog barking for a sentence containing “dog” or “bark”)
• Mismatched audio (e.g., the sound of a bird chirping for a sentence containing “cat” or “meow”)
• Unrelated audio (e.g., the sound of a car horn for a sentence containing “horse” or “whinny”)
• Silence
How many of the researchers’ four specific hypotheses are supported by the results of the study?
| None | |
| One | |
| Two | |
| Three | |
| Four |
12 Mar 2026, 07:44
Kudos
Bookmarks
Official Solution:
The researchers’ starting hypotheses are four separate time comparisons:
• With matching sound < with no sound (silence), for animal names
• With mismatched sound > with no sound (silence), for animal names
• With matching sound < with no sound (silence), for animal sound names
• With mismatched sound > with no sound (silence), for animal sound names
...where all of these inequalities are in terms of the average time, in seconds, taken by participants to read the words under these respective conditions.
Let’s check the graph for these one at a time:
• With matching sound < with no sound (silence), for animal names:
These are the darker, right-hand bars for “Matched” and “Silent” respectively. The Matched time is slightly lower—it’s noticeably closer to 0.10 than to 0.20 second, whereas the Silent time is approximately halfway between 0.10 and 0.20 second—so these times DO satisfy the relevant hypothesis.
• With mismatched sound > with no sound (silence), for animal names:
These are the darker, right-hand bars for “Mismatched” and “Silent” respectively. The Mismatched time is obviously much greater than the Silent time, so the corresponding hypothesis IS also satisfied.
• With matching sound < with no sound (silence), for animal sound names:
These are the lighter, left-hand bars for “Matched” and “Silent” respectively. The Matched time is clearly greater than the Silent time here, so these times DO NOT satisfy the relevant hypothesis.
• With mismatched sound > with no sound (silence), for animal sound names:
These are the lighter, left-hand bars for “Mismatched” and “Silent” respectively. The Mismatched time is obviously much greater than the Silent time, so this hypothesis IS satisfied.
Thus three of the four hypotheses are satisfied overall.
Correct answer:
How many of the researchers’ four specific hypotheses are supported by the results of the study? "Three"
Bunuel
The researchers’ starting hypotheses are four separate time comparisons:
• With matching sound < with no sound (silence), for animal names
• With mismatched sound > with no sound (silence), for animal names
• With matching sound < with no sound (silence), for animal sound names
• With mismatched sound > with no sound (silence), for animal sound names
...where all of these inequalities are in terms of the average time, in seconds, taken by participants to read the words under these respective conditions.
Let’s check the graph for these one at a time:
• With matching sound < with no sound (silence), for animal names:
These are the darker, right-hand bars for “Matched” and “Silent” respectively. The Matched time is slightly lower—it’s noticeably closer to 0.10 than to 0.20 second, whereas the Silent time is approximately halfway between 0.10 and 0.20 second—so these times DO satisfy the relevant hypothesis.
• With mismatched sound > with no sound (silence), for animal names:
These are the darker, right-hand bars for “Mismatched” and “Silent” respectively. The Mismatched time is obviously much greater than the Silent time, so the corresponding hypothesis IS also satisfied.
• With matching sound < with no sound (silence), for animal sound names:
These are the lighter, left-hand bars for “Matched” and “Silent” respectively. The Matched time is clearly greater than the Silent time here, so these times DO NOT satisfy the relevant hypothesis.
• With mismatched sound > with no sound (silence), for animal sound names:
These are the lighter, left-hand bars for “Mismatched” and “Silent” respectively. The Mismatched time is obviously much greater than the Silent time, so this hypothesis IS satisfied.
Thus three of the four hypotheses are satisfied overall.
Correct answer:
How many of the researchers’ four specific hypotheses are supported by the results of the study? "Three"
