If a, b, and c are all integers, is \(ab + bc + ca + a^2\) odd?
\(ab + bc + ca + a^2\)
= b(a + c) + a(a + c)
= (b + a)(a + c)
Hence, WHETHER both 'b+a' and 'a+c' are odd.
Case I: a is odd
So, both 'b' and 'c' are even.
Case II: a is even
So, both 'b' and 'c' are odd.
(1) a is odd.
Nothing about 'b' and 'c'.
INSUFFICIENT.
(2) (b + c) is odd.
Therefore one of 'b'or 'c' is odd and the other is even.
Case I: a is odd
Case I(1): b is even and c is odd.
(e + o)(o + o) = o.e = e
Case I(2): b is odd and c is even.
(o + o)(o + e) = e.o = e
Case II: a is even
Case II(1): b is even and c is odd.
(e + e)(e + o) = e.o = e
Case II(2): b is odd and c is even.
(o + e)(e + e) = o.e = e
SUFFICIENT.
ALTERNATIVE to solve Statement 2(eventually the question whole together)
\(ab + bc + ca + a^2\)
= \(ab + ca + bc + a^2\)
= \(a(b + c) + bc + a^2\)
Case I: a is odd
Case I(1): b is even and c is odd.
o(o) + e.o + o.o = o + e + o = e
Case I(2): b is odd and c is even.
o(o) + o.e + o.o = o + e + o = e
Case II: a is even
Case II(1): b is even and c is odd.
e(o) + e.o + e.e = e + e + e = e
Case II(2): b is odd and c is even.
e(o) + o.e + e.e = e + e + e = e
SUFFICIENT.
Answer B.