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In a study, one group of volunteers was fed a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet; another group was fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet. Both diets contained the same number of calories, and each volunteer’s diet prior to the experiment had contained moderate levels of proteins and carbohydrates. After ten days, those on the low-carbohydrate diet had lost more weight than those on the high-carbohydrate diet. Thus, the most effective way to lose body fat is to eat much protein and shun carbohydrates.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
(A) A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet causes the human body to retain water, the added weight of which largely compensates for the weight of any body fat lost, whereas a high protein, low-carbohydrate diet does not.
(B) Many people who consume large quantities of protein nevertheless gain significant amounts of body fat.
(C) A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet will often enable the human body to convert some body fat into muscle, without causing any significant overall weight loss.
(D) In the experiment, the volunteers on the high carbohydrate diet engaged in regular exercise of a kind known to produce weight loss, and those on the low-carbohydrate diet did not.
(E) Many of the volunteers who had been on the low-carbohydrate diet eventually regained much of the weight they had lost on the diet after returning to their normal diets.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
(A) A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet causes the human body to retain water, the added weight of which largely compensates for the weight of any body fat lost, whereas a high protein, low-carbohydrate diet does not.
(B) Many people who consume large quantities of protein nevertheless gain significant amounts of body fat.
(C) A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet will often enable the human body to convert some body fat into muscle, without causing any significant overall weight loss.
(D) In the experiment, the volunteers on the high carbohydrate diet engaged in regular exercise of a kind known to produce weight loss, and those on the low-carbohydrate diet did not.
(E) Many of the volunteers who had been on the low-carbohydrate diet eventually regained much of the weight they had lost on the diet after returning to their normal diets.
16 Oct 2021, 01:15
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Bunuel
In a study, one group of volunteers was fed a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet; another group was fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet. Both diets contained the same number of calories, and each volunteer’s diet prior to the experiment had contained moderate levels of proteins and carbohydrates. After ten days, those on the low-carbohydrate diet had lost more weight than those on the high-carbohydrate diet. Thus, the most effective way to lose body fat is to eat much protein and shun carbohydrates.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
(A) A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet causes the human body to retain water, the added weight of which largely compensates for the weight of any body fat lost, whereas a high protein, low-carbohydrate diet does not.
(B) Many people who consume large quantities of protein nevertheless gain significant amounts of body fat.
(C) A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet will often enable the human body to convert some body fat into muscle, without causing any significant overall weight loss.
(D) In the experiment, the volunteers on the high carbohydrate diet engaged in regular exercise of a kind known to produce weight loss, and those on the low-carbohydrate diet did not.
(E) Many of the volunteers who had been on the low-carbohydrate diet eventually regained much of the weight they had lost on the diet after returning to their normal diets.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
(A) A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet causes the human body to retain water, the added weight of which largely compensates for the weight of any body fat lost, whereas a high protein, low-carbohydrate diet does not.
(B) Many people who consume large quantities of protein nevertheless gain significant amounts of body fat.
(C) A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet will often enable the human body to convert some body fat into muscle, without causing any significant overall weight loss.
(D) In the experiment, the volunteers on the high carbohydrate diet engaged in regular exercise of a kind known to produce weight loss, and those on the low-carbohydrate diet did not.
(E) Many of the volunteers who had been on the low-carbohydrate diet eventually regained much of the weight they had lost on the diet after returning to their normal diets.
EXPLANATION FROM Fox LSAT
The first problem I see with the logic here is that the conclusion goes way off the rails with “the most effective way.” The study only compared two groups: high-carb/low-protein vs. low-carb/high-protein. How can the conclusion possibly say “the most effective way,” if it only looked at two ways? In order to make that conclusion, you would have had to study every possible method of losing body fat!
We’re asked to weaken the argument, and the above features such a huge problem with the reasoning that we should start by looking for that particular issue in one of the answer choices. If we can’t find it, then we’ll reconsider and look for another flaw.
A) This isn’t what we’re looking for, but it still might be worthy of consideration. Let’s get through the rest of the answer choices and if something awesome doesn’t jump out at us, we’ll come back to this one.
B) Well, yeah. Of course you can ruin your diet by “consuming large quantities of protein” alongside large quantities of carbs, fat, alcohol, and everything else. If you do that, you’re going to gain body fat. But that’s not the point of the study, because the study was about two groups that were on a fixed total caloric intake. No way is this it.
C) This would only strengthen the idea that the high-protein/low-carb diet is good for lowering body fat. We’re looking for a weakener, so this is out.
D) This would also strengthen the argument, not weaken it. If the high-carb people were also exercising, and they didn’t lose weight, then this would support the idea that low-carb is superior. We’re looking for a weakener, so this is out.
E) Regaining the weight is simply irrelevant. The conclusion of the argument wasn’t about keeping fat off, it was only about losing fat in the first place. No way.
I didn’t find exactly what we were looking for, but I really hate B through E. So now we can reconsider A. Here’s my case for it: If it’s true that the low- protein/high-carb diet causes you to retain water, then it’s possible that your body did lose fat even if you didn’t lose weight. The conclusion of the argument wasn’t about losing weight, it was about losing fat. If A is true, then it’s possible that the low-protein/high-carb diet was actually better than the high-protein/low-carb diet for losing fat. That’s the best weakener of the bunch.
So A is our answer
General Discussion
Correct Option A
In a study,
Group 1 - high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet;
Group 2 - low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet.
Both diets contained the same number of calories, and
each volunteer’s diet had contained moderate levels of proteins and carbohydrates.
After ten days,
- those on the low-carbohydrate diet
had lost more weight than
- those on the high-carbohydrate diet.
Conclusion: the most effective way to lose body fat is to eat much protein and shun carbohydrates
Assumption: Fat loss is weight reduction.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
(A) A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet causes
(The human body to retain water),
the added weight of which largely compensates for the weight of any body fat lost,
whereas a high protein, low-carbohydrate diet does not.
Correct: Gives details related to Deit and highlight Despite weight loss by fat burning or reduction, but high-water intake which might have maintained the weight, this counters the conclusion.
(B) Many people
who consume large quantities of protein
nevertheless, gain significant amounts of body fat.
Flaw: gives details about Diet, and more emphasis on protein intake, this stem actually fails to address about weight reduction or weight gain.
(C) A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet will often enable
the human body to convert some body fat into muscle,
without causing any significant overall weight loss.
Flaw: this gives details about Diet, but gives more details opposite to conclusion (low carbohydrate = fat loss = no weight reduction)
(D) In the experiment,
the volunteers on the high carbohydrate diet engaged
in regular exercise of a kind known to produce weight loss, and
those on the low-carbohydrate diet did not.
Wrong: gives no details about Diet or part of experiment, but try to adds another one part of experiment about excercise, and comparison between two groups, fails to address conclusion relate through diet about weight reduction.
(E) Many of the volunteers
who had been on the low-carbohydrate diet
eventually regained much of the weight they had lost on the diet
after returning to their normal diets
Flaw: gives details about post experiment and regain of normal past diet of volunteer, it actually strengthens the conclusion, saying it was low carbohydrates and high protein, which helped to reduce significantly reduction in weight
In a study,
Group 1 - high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet;
Group 2 - low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet.
Both diets contained the same number of calories, and
each volunteer’s diet had contained moderate levels of proteins and carbohydrates.
After ten days,
- those on the low-carbohydrate diet
had lost more weight than
- those on the high-carbohydrate diet.
Conclusion: the most effective way to lose body fat is to eat much protein and shun carbohydrates
Assumption: Fat loss is weight reduction.
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?
(A) A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet causes
(The human body to retain water),
the added weight of which largely compensates for the weight of any body fat lost,
whereas a high protein, low-carbohydrate diet does not.
Correct: Gives details related to Deit and highlight Despite weight loss by fat burning or reduction, but high-water intake which might have maintained the weight, this counters the conclusion.
(B) Many people
who consume large quantities of protein
nevertheless, gain significant amounts of body fat.
Flaw: gives details about Diet, and more emphasis on protein intake, this stem actually fails to address about weight reduction or weight gain.
(C) A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet will often enable
the human body to convert some body fat into muscle,
without causing any significant overall weight loss.
Flaw: this gives details about Diet, but gives more details opposite to conclusion (low carbohydrate = fat loss = no weight reduction)
(D) In the experiment,
the volunteers on the high carbohydrate diet engaged
in regular exercise of a kind known to produce weight loss, and
those on the low-carbohydrate diet did not.
Wrong: gives no details about Diet or part of experiment, but try to adds another one part of experiment about excercise, and comparison between two groups, fails to address conclusion relate through diet about weight reduction.
(E) Many of the volunteers
who had been on the low-carbohydrate diet
eventually regained much of the weight they had lost on the diet
after returning to their normal diets
Flaw: gives details about post experiment and regain of normal past diet of volunteer, it actually strengthens the conclusion, saying it was low carbohydrates and high protein, which helped to reduce significantly reduction in weight
