In Grainland, rice paddy fields are often located around industrial complexes. When samples of soils from paddy fields collected from 50 sites in three industrial cities were studied, it was found that they contained unusually high traces of toxic metals.
Which of the following, if true, strengthens the claim that paddy soil contamination in Grainland is directly linked to the presence of industrial complexes?Soils from paddy fields near industrial cities show unusually high toxic metal traces. We want evidence that the industrial complexes are the direct source.
A. The lethality of toxicity in metals was found to markedly vary with increasing distance from industrial complexes.
This is about lethality, not the amount of contamination. Lethality can vary for reasons unrelated to industrial source, so it is not the best support.
B. Soil quality showed a rapid decline in areas remote to the industrial complexes compared to the ones located close to the latter.
This points away from industrial complexes being the cause, because it says remote areas are worse. That would weaken, not strengthen.
C. Generally, levels of metal concentrations decreased with increasing distance from industrial complexes.
This is the strongest. A distance gradient is exactly what you expect if industrial complexes are the source: the closer you are, the higher the metal levels, and they drop as you move away.
D. The contamination pattern of soils near the industrial locations was widely different from that in areas remote to these locations.
This is vague. “Different pattern” does not clearly show the industrial sites caused the metals. You want a clear direction like higher near the complexes.
E. Almost all samples of soil surpassed the soil textural parameters prescribed by the agricultural authority of Grainland.
This is about soil texture standards, not toxic metal contamination or industrial sourcing. Irrelevant.
Answer: (C)