GK_Gmat
johnrb
eyunni
In preparation for the cold winter months, it was the usual custom for prehistoric people to gather and preserve, with smoke or by salting it, as much meat that they could during the summer.
(A) it was the usual custom for prehistoric people to gather and preserve, with smoke or by salting it, as much meat that they could during the summer.
(B) prehistoric people usually gathered as much meat as they could during the summer, preserving it either by smoking or salting
(C) it was the usual custom of prehistoric people to gather and preserve, either with smoke or by salting, as much meat that they could during the summer
(D) prehistoric people had the usual custom of gathering and preserving as much meat, either by smoking or salting it, as they could during the summer
(E) it was usually that prehistoric people would gather and preserve as much meat as they could, which was either smoked or salted during the summer
A specific question here: Do we need to say: either by X or by Y or is it ok to say: either by X or Y? I thought the first one is correct and second one incorrect.
Please explain your answers.
B's not correct--what's the source for this question? In answer to eyunni's question, the placement of
either is crucial--this determines what is in the scope of the parallelism. It's fine to say
by either X or Y; this phrasing leaves
by out of the parallel construction, and indicates that you are opting between X and Y.
But if you begin the phrase with either by X, you must continue with or by Y. Since in this case by is included in the scope of either, it must occur in both positions.Please note that that (bold-faced) is not correct. Both 'Either by x or y' & 'either by x or by y' are grammatically correct. Which one is used is a matter of stylistic preference more than correctness.
For example,
Next week I plan to travel for Thanksgiving either by train or plane is grammatically correct, as is
Next week I plan to travel for Thanksgiving either by train or by plane.
I'm not sure what authority GK GMAT has in mind. Here's the Chicago Manual of Style:
5.182 Correlative conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions must frame structurally identical or matching sentence parts (an attempt both to win the gold medal and to set a new record); in other words,
each member of the pair should immediately precede the same part of speech (they not only read the book, but saw the movie). Some examples of correlative conjunctions are as-as, if-then,
either-or, neither-nor, etc.
Please note that "by" and "salting" are not the same part of speech.
& here's the American Heritage Book of English Usage:
You should follow both conjunctions in either … or … (or neither … nor …) constructions with parallel elements. If you follow
either with a verb and an object,
or must have a verb and an object as well. Thus you should say She can either take the examination offered to all applicants or ask for a personal interview but not She can take either the examination offered to all applicants or ask for a personal interview. Similarly, you should say You may have either the ring or the bracelet but not You may either have the ring or the bracelet.
Again, note that "by smoking" and "salting" are not parallel elements.
I am not aware of any exceptions to this grammatical principle; I would welcome correction, but until it comes, maintain that "either by smoking or salting" is grammatically incorrect.