Bunuel
In the last decade, research in nanotechnology conducted at university-funded laboratories fell to a record low because grants for scientists
who conducted independent research were not easily approved, but, because the necessary technical tools were rising in costs, those of expenses incurred during such research increased rapidly.
(A) who conducted independent research were not easily approved, but, because the necessary technical tools were rising in costs, those of
(B) conducting independent research were not easily approved while, because of the rising costs of the necessary technical tools,
(C) conducting independent research were not easily approved, because of the rising costs of the necessary technical tools, and those of
(D) that conducted independent research that was not easily approved; however, because the necessary tools were rising in costs,
(E) conducting independent research that was not easily approved, but, because of the rising costs of the necessary technical tools,
(A) In the last decade, research in nanotechnology conducted at university-funded laboratories fell to a record low because grants for scientists
who conducted independent research were not easily approved, but, because the necessary technical tools were rising in costs, those ofexpenses incurred during such research increased rapidly.
presence of "but" indicates contrast, but there is no such contrast offered in this answer choice. Therefore, this is an incorrect answer choice
(B) In the last decade, research in nanotechnology conducted at university-funded laboratories fell to a record low because grants for scientists
conducting independent research were not easily approved while, because of the rising costs of the necessary technical tools,expenses incurred during such research increased rapidly.
The presence of "while" indicates two concurrent actions and we can very well notice that - research fell to a record low because grants were not provided and at the same time the costs for necessary technical tools increased rapidly - Correct!
(C) In the last decade, research in nanotechnology conducted at university-funded laboratories fell to a record low because grants for scientists
conducting independent research were not easily approved, because of the rising costs of the necessary technical tools, and those ofexpenses incurred during such research increased rapidly.
"because of the rising costs of the necessary technical tools, and those of expenses incurred during such research increased rapidly" - this can be broken down as -
1. because of the rising costs of the necessary technical tool (logical)
2. because of the rising costs of expenses incurred during such research increased rapidly (illogical)
(E) In the last decade, research in nanotechnology conducted at university-funded laboratories fell to a record low because grants for scientists
that conducted independent research that was not easily approved; however, because the necessary tools were rising in costs, expenses incurred during such research increased rapidly.
Scientists require "who" pronoun, not "that"
(E) In the last decade, research in nanotechnology conducted at university-funded laboratories fell to a record low because grants for scientists
conducting independent research that was not easily approved, but, because of the rising costs of the necessary technical tools, expenses incurred during such research increased rapidly.
The use of "that"" distorts the meaning. "scientists conducting independent
research that was not easily approved" - the sentence says that the research that was not easily approved.