Official Explanation : -Argument ConstructionSituation
A record number of manufacturing jobs were created in the year previous. For this year to set a new record, manufacturing jobs must be created in greater numbers by the two sources of such jobs taken together: established companies and start-up companies. Established companies are creating fewer manufacturing jobs than they did the year previous; moreover, because companies are starting up at the same, or lower, rate than they did the year previous, and because there is no evidence that these start-ups will create jobs at a higher rate per company than did companies that started up the year previous, the author concludes that the total of new manufacturing jobs will be fewer this year than last year.
Reasoning
How do the two boldfaced portions function in relation to the argument that fewer manufacturing jobs will be created this year than last? The first portion states that new jobs can come from only two sources: existing companies and start-up companies. This is presented as an obvious, common-sense fact, and the rest of the argument depends on it. The second portion relates to the fact that, because start-up companies are forming at a rate no greater than last year’s, the only way there could be more manufacturing jobs created this year would be if this year’s start-ups created more jobs per company; if that were the case, it would undermine that author’s conclusion that “clearly” fewer manufacturing jobs will be created this year. This potential objection is presented in the second boldfaced portion. However, the author discounts this possibility by stating that there is “no reason” to believe it is true.
A. While the first portion is indeed presented as an obvious truth, the second portion, if true, would undermine rather than support the argument’s conclusion.
B. Correct. The first portion consists of the claim the new manufacturing jobs must come from either existing companies or new ones, and this presents as an obvious fact on which the remainder of the argument rests; the second portion describes a possible avenue by which more jobs could be created this year than last, and so it amounts to a potential objection to the conclusion that fewer jobs will be created this year. However, the author dismisses this potential objection by stating that there is “no reason” to believe it is the case.C. The first portion is a common-sense assertion, not evidence per se; the second portion presents a prediction that, if accurate, would undermine rather than support the conclusion.
D. The first portion is a statement that the argument relies on but does nothing to establish beyond simply asserting it to be true; the second is a claim that could be advanced in support of an opposed position, but there is no evidence to suggest it actually has been advanced.
E. The first portion is a statement that the argument relies on but does nothing to establish beyond simply asserting it to be true; the second does not in any way contest that statement: that new jobs must come from either existing companies or new ones.