arbre
So either they mistakenly raise the first exponent of the second exponent, so that's one kind of mistake people can make.
That sentence doesn't make any sense, so it doesn't mean anything. Since it seems to be talking about raising something with an exponent to another exponent, and since it seems to be talking about a mistake people can make in that situation, I'd have to guess the writer was discussing the difference between this situation:
\(\\
5^{3^2}\\
\)
which, with no brackets, always means
\(\\
5^{(3^2)} = 5^9\\
\)
and this situation, which means something different:
\(\\
(5^3)^2 = 5^6\\
\)
But I'm just guessing what the author might have been talking about. Where did you see this sentence?