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Bunuel
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I have edited the question and the solution by adding more details to enhance its clarity. I hope it is now easier to understand.
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Can we plug in values to solve for this or do we just have to know the odd and even rules?
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Can we plug in values to solve for this or do we just have to know the odd and even rules?

You can indeed plug in even and odd numbers to see that only even numbers satisfy each statement. However, it's worth noting that plugging in numbers isn't always a foolproof method for determining sufficiency in data sufficiency questions. While it might seem that the numbers you choose give a consistent answer, there may be other numbers that yield a different result. Plugging in numbers is particularly useful for demonstrating insufficiency in DS questions: if one set of numbers leads to a "NO" answer, and another leads to a "YES" answer, then the statement is insufficient. As for odd and even rules, understanding basic number theory properties, such as how addition and exponentiation behave with even and odd numbers, is essential. So yes, it is advisable to know these rules.
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