In this question, the divisor is 4, the positive integer n represents the dividend and the remainder is 3. Since the quotient is unknown, let’s take it as k.
Euclid’s division algorithm is Dividend = Divisor * Quotient + Remainder. Substituting the values,
n = 4k + 3.
Substituting k = 0, 1, 2, 3….. etc., we have the possible values of n = 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 and so on.
For these values of n, the values of the remainder when divided by 12 = 3, 7, 11, 3, 7, 11 and so on. We see that
this is a pattern of remainders (this is
called the remainder cycle) and also see that
3, 7 and 11 are the only remainders possible when any value of n is divided by 12.
This helps us understand that the numbers given in options A, B, C and D are not possible remainder.
Therefore, the correct answer option is E.
Hope that helps!